Tag: Mutual Fund

33 mutual funds myths uncovered for first time investors

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Are you one of those investors who are still away from mutual funds investments because you do not have enough understanding about it or have a lot so myths about them?

Every day we get constant inquiries from several of our readers who want to invest in mutual funds and often they have myths, which make us wonder about those myths.

So in this post, I have listed down 33 various myths related to mutual funds and SIP in general. So if you are totally new to mutual funds, reading this article start to end will make you fully knowledgeable about mutual funds.

So let’s start…

Myth #1 – SIP is the name of an investment product

A lot of people think that “SIP” is the name of some investment products other than mutual funds. So they say – “I want to invest in SIP”. However, SIP means a systematic investment plan, which just means a way to regularly invest only in mutual funds. In this, a pre-fixed amount is automatically deducted from your account and gets invest in mutual funds on a pre-defined date.

For example, if you are doing an SIP of Rs 5,000 in ICICI Pru Discovery mutual fund on the 10th of every month, then on the 10th of each month, Rs 5,000 will get deducted from your bank account and will get invested automatically.

Myth #2 – I can’t stop SIP in between once I start it

Another myth that stops investors from entering mutual funds is that they think starting SIP for X yrs, is a commitment they can’t break in between and they will face some penalty if they stop their investments.

A lot of people do not want to give any PROMISE of regular payment. However, the truth is that once you start the SIP, you can anytime stop the SIP in between. So don’t worry while starting the SIP for the next 5, 10 or 30 yrs. The day you want to stop it, it can be stopped with just one notification!

Myth #3 – All the money from ELSS can be withdrawn after 3 yrs if one is doing SIP

One of the biggest myths of investors is that if they are doing SIP in ELSS (tax saving mutual funds), then after 3 yrs, they can withdraw all their money. However, that is not true. Each investment in ELSS is locked for 36 months from the date of investments. This means that the first SIP which goes in March 2017, will be free of lock-in only in April 2020.

SIP in ELSS mutual funds are locked in for 3 yrs

The same is the case with the installment which goes in Apr 2017 (will be free in May 2020)

Myth #4 – Lower NAV is cheaper than higher NAV

Most of the mutual fund’s investors think that a smaller NAV mutual fund is a better deal compared to a higher NAV mutual fund. While this may be sometimes true in case of stocks because a Rs 10 stock has the potential to grow faster than a stock with Rs 10000 stock value.

But in case of mutual funds, NAV has no significance. It’s ZERO!

Because your mutual fund’s appreciation has everything to do with the appreciation in NAV value in percentage terms and not an absolute value. I mean if you invest Rs 10 lacs in a fund with NAV of Rs 10, and if the mutual fund performs great and in the next 5 yrs it doubles in value, then the NAV will rise to Rs 20 and your fund value will rise to Rs 20 lacs.

However, if the NAV was Rs 10,000 per unit, still the effect would be the same for you. The NAV would have increased to Rs 20,000 and your value would have increased to Rs 20 lacs. No difference as such.

So stop thinking that a fund is better (especially NFO’s) just because its NAV is lower.

Myth #5 – Dividend in mutual funds is better than Growth option

When you choose a mutual fund to invest, you have to choose between the Dividend and Growth option. Now a lot of investors think that dividend option is better because they are getting “extra dividend” . However, it’s not true.

Dividends are not extra!, The NAV comes down by that margin after the dividend is paid, on top of it, if the fund is not an equity fund, a dividend distribution tax is first paid by AMC, which lowers the return of the investor. However, in the case of growth option, the money remains in the fund itself.

Difference between growth and dividend mutual funds

For example, imagine a fund XYZ with NAV of Rs 100 and a dividend declaration of Rs 10

  • Now in case of dividend option, Rs 10 will be paid to investors and NAV will come down to Rs 90.
  • However in the case of the Growth option, nothing is paid to the investor, but the NAV is Rs 100.

Myth #6 – Mutual funds means Stock Market

One of the most common myths is that mutual funds are highly risky because they invest in stocks. However, this is half true. Only equity mutual funds invest in stocks and are risky (in fact volatile is the right word, not risky)

Various types of mutual funds

There are other categories of mutual funds called debt mutual funds, which do not invest in equities. They invest in bonds, govt securities, and other secured investments. While debt funds have their own risks and even their returns are not 100% stable, still, debt funds are highly stable when it comes to returns and often provide better tax-adjusted returns then most of the bank fixed deposits.

Myth #7 – You have to invest big amounts in mutual funds

Many small investors stay away from mutual funds and stick to recurring deposits and other products because they think that mutual funds are for big investors and one has to invest big money in it. However, you can start a monthly investment of even Rs 1,000 per month in most of the funds. If you want to invest on the onetime basis, the limit is Rs 5,000.

So someone who is just earning Rs 10,000 per month and wanted to invest 10% of his income, can also start mutual funds SIP.

Myth #8 – Mutual funds are always for long term

Mutual funds are marketing as long term investments most of the time. However, it’s not always the case. There are mutual funds called liquid mutual funds and even short term debt funds which can be used for short term investment horizon like 6 months or 2 yrs.

This article from Economic times talks about some of these funds

short term mutual funds

(Image Source)

Only in case of equity mutual funds, it’s suggested that one should invest from a long term perspective to reap the maximum benefits.

Myth #9 – Mutual funds offer guaranteed returns

No, Not always.

Actually never!

Mutual funds never offer a guaranteed return like a fixed deposit. This is one reason why many investors who are totally in love with “assurity” shy away from investing in mutual funds.

Various categories of mutual funds offer various return range. An equity mutual funds can offer return anywhere from -50% to 100% return in a year (just a high level estimate). Whereas a debt fund can also deliver a return ranging from 5% to 15%. And a liquid fund will mostly give a return in range of 6-8%

So the returns are not guaranteed, but highly probably within a range depending on its category.

Also note that as the investment horizon shifts from 1 yr to 10-20 yrs, the probability of getting a stable return within a range increases.

Myth #10 – I will lose my money if the mutual fund’s company goes bankrupt

This is common thinking, but not true

Mutual funds are highly secured in terms of structure. The way it’s designed and regulated by SEBI, it’s almost impossible for investors to lose money due to a scam or AMC going bankrupt. Your mutual fund’s units does not lie with AMC (it just takes the decision of buying and selling). Units and all the money lies with the custodian and highly secure.

Structure of mutual funds in India

For more on this, you should read this article

Myth #11 – Past returns in mutual funds indicate future returns

Not correct.

While past returns can surely tell you that the fund did very well in the past and there is some probability due to legacy that it will perform well. But it’s not written on stone.

How the fund will perform in future is totally a function of what decisions fund manager takes in future. HDFC Top 200 is a classic example, where the fund who ruled the mutual fund world is now not one of the top 10 funds.

Another example is the SBI Maxgain tax saver which was one of the best ELSS funds some years back but is now replaced by many others.

Here is a study by Yahoo Finance on this topic with respect to funds in the US, which tells that around 92% of top performers do not remain top performers after two years.

Myth #12 – More mutual funds means Diversification

Diversification is an abused word, at least in mutual funds.

Just because you invest in more mutual funds does not always mean that you have achieved diversification. The reason is simple. A mutual fund invests in close to 50-100 stocks. So when you invest in an equity mutual fund, your money is already well diversified across sectors, types of companies, etc.

When you add another mutual fund, most of the stocks might be the same and also in the same proportion, giving you very little extra diversification. When you add 3rd fund and 4th fund, almost no diversification happens. Below is the portfolio of one mutual fund and you can see how much they have diversified already.

This is one reason why it’s of no use to invest in 10-20 mutual funds of the same category. 2-4 funds of a similar category are the maximum one should invest into. You should add more SIP amount or lump sum in the same fund once you have chosen 2-4 funds.

Myth #13 – I need Demat account to invest in mutual funds

No, it was never the case.

A lot of people think that unless they have a Demat Account, they can’t invest in mutual funds. You can invest in mutual funds from your Demat provider also, but it’s not mandatory.

So when you invest from ICICIDirect or HDFC Securities, you are actually investing via a Demat account and the units you get sit in your Demat account.

So if you want to invest in mutual funds, you can invest directly from the fund house or through an advisor.

Myth #14 – I can start SIP and forget it for long term

A lot of investors think that once they have started a SIP investment or even lump sum investment they can just sit back and relax for next 10-20 yrs. This is not suggested.

Mutual funds need constant review every year. So you should at least keep an eye on your fund performance. Do not overdo it and start looking at weekly and monthly returns, but do that in 1-2 yrs.

 

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Myth #15 – You can’t save tax under 80C in mutual funds

Many people who regularly save income tax through PPF or life insurance policies, do not know that even mutual funds have 80C benefits. ELSS or Equity linked saving scheme is the category of mutual funds which gives you 80C benefits up to Rs 1.5 lacs.

Myth #16 – SIP can be done only on a monthly basis

No, An SIP can be done even on a weekly or quarterly basis. While monthly SIP is the most suitable for all (we all get monthly income), but at times if you want to invest on a quarterly basis or weekly basis, even that can be done.

However, note that it depends on a mutual fund if it gives you the facility of weekly/quarterly SIP or not. Most of them do, but at times, some mutual funds might choose to not have that option.

Myth #17 – Mutual funds investments are complicated

While investing in mutual funds is definitely as simple as creating a fixed deposit. But it’s not too complicated. You need to do one-time documentation to start with and once it’s done, After that you can buy/redeem mutual funds online.

One place where you might feel complication is while choosing the funds out of the big pool, but with your own research or with guidance from someone else (like Jagoinvestor), you can get a set of mutual funds to invest in.

Here is a good mutual funds tutorial for beginners by Deepak Shenoy

Myth #18 – I can’t add more lump sum amount in my fund where I do SIP

A lot of investors feel that if they have started a SIP in a fund XYZ, then they can’t add additional money in the same fund under the same folio. It is not true.

When you invest in a fund (either SIP or one time), you get a folio number. This is like an account number. You can anytime add any amount of fund to the same folio. So if you are doing a SIP of Rs 10,000 in Birla Balanced Advantage fund, and now if you want to add another Rs 1,00,000 suddenly, you can do that.

Myth #19 – You need documentation every time you want to invest in mutual funds

Again a big myth.

Once you are done with the first time documentation, after that every time you want to invest and redeem or switch, you can do it online. The documentation comes into picture only when you want to do changes like your email id, phone or address etc.

Myth #20 – Mutual Funds are not for retired investors

This is entirely false.

There are various kind of mutual funds which are suitable for retirement needs. You can invest your hard-earned money in debt funds and keep them secure while it’s growing at a decent return. One can choose an option for a monthly dividend and get an income.

One can also SWP from a fund, and withdraw a fixed amount each month. One can invest in debt-oriented mutual funds, which can have some equity component for some return kick!.

We have helped many clients to plan for their parent’s retirement money deployment.

Myth #21 – I can’t invest in mutual funds because I need high liquidity

Again a myth.

Mutual funds are highly liquid and you can get your money ranging from instant redemption to 3-4 days depending on the fund type. If you want very high liquidity, then you can invest money in liquid funds, from where you can redeem in 24 hours.

Myth #22 – Mutual funds are not that famous among investors

This may be news to many, but the Mutual Fund’s industry will overtake Deposits in Banks very soon (maybe a decade). Right now at the time of writing this article, the money in India mutual funds was around 18 lacs crore, It has doubled in the last 4 yrs, and set to grow very fast in the next decade.

In the US, mutual funds are already several times bigger than Fixed deposits and it’s going to happen in India too over the long term. So if you still think that mutual funds are some alien concept, then you are wrong. It’s very popular now in India and one of the standard investments products.

Myth #23 – Mutual fund redemption needs the permission of a broker or advisor

Your broker or advisor has no control over your mutual funds. You can do redemption on your own by either installing the app of the fund house or through the portal where you have access to.

In the worst case, you can anytime go to the fund house office or CAMS/KARVY office and apply for redemption. This does not need any approval from anyone.

Myth #24 – I can’t skip an SIP payment once started

A lot of people are worried about what will happen if they skip the SIP in a particular month when they are low on funds?

If your bank account does not have sufficient money for a month, then on the SIP date the SIP will not get processed, but from next month it will go fine again. Mutual funds company does not charge any fine or penalty for this, but your bank can levy a small charge for this like Rs 200/300.

I think it’s good, because that way you will be disciplined enough to make sure that your SIP’s go on time, but also does not hurt you too badly in case of emergency

Myth #25 – I should stop my SIP when markets are down

Unless you are an expert in understanding markets and how they will behave (which I think no one knows), it does not make a lot of sense to time your SIP’s. Just let them run in all kinds of markets and focus on your long term goals.

Most of the investors make this mistake that they stop their SIP’s when markets tank. In fact, this is the best time when you should accumulate more Mutual funds units in your portfolio so that when markets are up, you will reap the benefits.

Myth #26 – TDS is applicable when mutual funds are sold and redeemed

Mutual funds are not like Fixed Deposits or Recurring Deposits.

When you sell your mutual funds, there is no TDS which is deducted. You get the full amount in your bank account and then you need to figure out the tax amount and pay it later.

However there is no exception to this. In the case of NRIs, if they redeem their debt funds, then TDS is applicable.

Myth #27 – My money will be locked in mutual funds like other products

Many investors think that in mutual funds their money is locked for a specific period. in case of mutual funds, most of the funds are open-ended funds, which means that you can invest any time and redeem anytime.

There is no lock-in except in ELSS funds (which comes under 80C) and close-ended funds (which specifically tell you the duration for lock-in)

Myth #28 – SIP should not be started when stock markets are very high

Yes, this is actually not a myth, but truth.

But only if you know that stock markets are high. If you are very sure you can figure that out then Yes, it’s better to wait for markets to tank down, and then start SIP. But 95% of the people don’t have time and energy and even expertise to read these signals.

So that’s the reason, why you should not think much when you are starting the SIP. Start your SIP’s irrespective of market conditions. And when markets do down, it’s time to increase your SIP amount

Myth #29 – SIP is always better than Lump sum investments

None of them are better than the other.

SIP’s will outperform the onetime investments in certain conditions and vice versa. SIP’s, however, are more suitable for a common man as it’s a monthly commitment and averages the risk of market volatility.

Here is a good discussion on SIP vs Lumpsum Investments by Monika Halan and Vivek Law in a show called Smart Money

Myth #30 – I can’t switch from one mutual fund to another fund

Many people do not know that it’s possible to move from one fund to another fund across the same fund house. You don’t need to sell the fund, get the money in your account and then again invest in another fund of the same fund house.

So if you have a mutual fund from Birla AMC, you can switch it to another Birla fund without redemption.

Myth #31 – Mutual funds of bigger and trusted brands are always better

Do you know that LIC also has mutual funds business?

However, LIC mutual funds are one of the worst-performing funds across the whole MF industry. LIC mutual funds is not same as LIC insurance.

In the same way, SBI mutual funds should not be confused with SBI bank. A lot of first-time investors in mutual funds investors want to go with trusted brands like LIC, SBI, or HDFC.

Not that mutual funds is a different business, and you need asset management expertise. A small fund house like Motilal Oswal or even Quantum or PPFAS has high-quality funds and should be explored.

Myth #32 – I can’t partially withdraw from mutual funds

Yes, you can. Mutual funds can be redeemed in parts. You just have to choose the number of units you want to redeem or the amount you want to redeem (it will calculate the units required). So that way, it’s a great product. Because in case of deposits it’s either the full amount or none (which is one positive thing also)

Myth #33 – Only humans can invest in mutual funds

Even companies and partnerships can invest in mutual funds. It’s not limited to just humans. So if you are a business owner, you can also go for your business KYC, and then start invest in mutual funds. If you have money lying in current accounts, you can park your excess money in liquid or debt funds and redeem them anytime you want with a single click.

Let us know if you have any more myths or queries related to mutual funds or SIP.

Are you ready to invest in mutual funds?

Are you still waiting to start your mutual fund’s journey? If Yes, then our team at Jagoinvestor can help you start your mutual fund’s journey.

 

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99% mutual fund investors do not understand these 3 critical points for long term success

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Are you investing in equity mutual funds or planning to invest?

GREAT!

While you might have done your research and reading about investing in a mutual fund, but I am sure you still do not have 100% clear idea about what does it mean to invest in a mutual fund. In this article, my attempt is to make you understand what exactly you should be expecting out of your investments in equity mutual funds.

Points to know before investing in equity mutual funds

A lot of investors are approached by advisors and agents who sell equity mutual funds to them in the name of “high returns”. But investors are not informed about the risks associated with it. Because of this most of the investors redeem their investments if markets fall or if the returns are not that great after a year or so and hence lose out on getting the benefits of mutual funds over the long term.

This happens because in investors’ mind a mutual fund is all about “getting high returns”.

So it’s very important to clear all the wrong notions about equity mutual funds and set a clear understanding of them in your mind so that you get the best out of your mutual fund’s investments.

What are Equity Mutual Funds?

This article is all about “Equity Mutual Funds” and not any kind of mutual fund. One of the biggest myths is that

Mutual Funds = Stock Market

NO!

There is various kind of mutual funds, ranging from super safe mutual funds (like liquid mutual funds or debt mutual funds) to high risky funds (like mid-cap funds and equity mutual funds). Below is a

Types of various mutual funds in India

3 important points to know before you invest in equity mutual funds

So in this article, I am listing various important points you should know if you are investing in equity mutual funds or planning to do the same.

#1 – You are investing in diversified businesses

Investing in an equity mutual fund is not like putting money in a fixed deposit or real estate. When you invest in an equity mutual fund, it invests your money in a portfolio of companies.

Equity Mutual funds are a way to invest in a number of stocks using one single investment and get it managed by an experienced and well-qualified fund manager.

For example, Birla Sun Life Frontline Equity had 80 stocks in its portfolio as on 30th Dec 2016, as per the money control website. This means that if you are investing in these mutual funds, you are actually investing in 80 companies.

You own 80 businesses

Your returns or loss depends on 80 different company’s performance over time. Think about it.

Below is a partial list of companies in the fund.

mutual fund portfolio sample

Now when you know that you are actually invested in 80 different companies, it’s important to know that returns from your mutual funds actually come from the returns from these companies stocks performance over time, it’s the average of these companies.

Below is a very good video, where it’s explained how business create wealth over the long term in Indian context

#2 – You are investing for long term

No business earns exceptional returns over the short term. Now as you know that you are actually investing in a business when you are investing in equity mutual funds, that too in multiple companies, the great returns will come over the long term.

Some companies will not do great, some of them will do average and some of them will grow exceptionally. And when you do the average, you will get very good returns.

The best part is that the chances of great returns are much higher because you are diversified across various sectors, companies, management, and size.

76 times return in 20 yrs period

Let’s talk about a Franklin India Bluechip Fund which started in 1993. It’s been 23 yrs now since inception.

Over the first 20 yrs (from 1993 to 2014) the fund has given 76 times return. It turns out to be 24% CAGR return and by any standard its mind-boggling returns, especially because it’s for 20 yrs compounded.

franklin India bluechip fund returns

10 lacs invested became 7.6 crores.

If this same 10 lacs was invested in Fixed Deposits, then in 20 yrs it would have grown to 67 lacs.

So its 67 lacs vs 760 lacs.

Sadly, investors don’t wait in mutual funds

Sadly, this 76 times returns do not reflect in most of the investor’s portfolios because investors don’t think long term and think short term. If for some years, the fund does not perform well, they want to move to something else which gives them awesome returns.

Businesses go through various cycles (success and failure, good and bad). So you need to wait for a very long term to see some amazing returns.

If you are right now invested in equity mutual funds, it’s very important to understand that you will not get great returns over the short term (2-5 yrs). Trust your mutual funds and keep investing and over time you will reap the benefits.

There are various mutual funds that are 10+ yrs old and most of them have created big wealth for their dedicated and committed investors.

#3 – You are going to face volatility

“Mutual Funds investments are subject to market risk, please read the offer document carefully before investing”

You will hear this line often in the mutual fund’s advertisements on TV. A lot of first-time investors who do not understand equity investments think that “Market Risk” here means that their money is at risk and they can lose all their money by investing in the stock market or mutual funds.

Mutual Funds are Volatile

That might be true with one particular low-quality stock. But with mutual funds, it’s far from truth. Dozens of quality stocks portfolio which is monitored regularly can bring in some ups and downs in the short term, but your money will not be lost at all.

All you can expect is VOLATILITY with your mutual fund’s investments. Your investment value can go up one day and then down one day, and then again down another day and again down 2nd day and then boom… UP on the third day and then again down and again up and up and up …

mutual funds volatility

I hope you got the point.

But you need to understand a very important thing. Volatility is an inherent part of mutual funds investments as it’s investing in stocks, but it’s more of short term phenomena. You need to sit tight and look at the long term trend and how it moves.

Example of HDFC Top 200 fund

HDFC top 200 is one of the most well-known equity mutual funds which has created great wealth for its investors. Its NAV rose from Rs 10 to Rs 372 in 20 yrs.

It’s a great return over the long term, but the journey was not simple. Its NAV went up first, then came down and then again up and down. See the ups and downs in the below chart for 20 yrs

hdfc top 200 fund returns

Did you notice how tough it would be for someone to not exit and stay invested?

If deep down the fund value is growing. This can be measured by check how the moving average is trending. If you do the average of 2 months NAV and then 3 months and 5 months and keep increasing it, you will see the trend is up and that’s what is the most important take for an investor.

Let’s see how the moving average trend looks like for this same fund over 20 yrs period

hdfc top 200 long term trend

Don’t look at the fund performance and NAV movement every day or month

The volatility in the stock market will keep hitting your emotions and tell you – “Hey, it’s better to sell your funds and be safe”. The biggest problem with mutual funds is that its NAV is available on the daily basis.

What would happen if you were allowed to see your mutual funds NAV and its performance only after a period of 5 yrs? What if an investor who had invested in HDFC top 200 long back in 1996 was able to find out how its fund had performed every 5 yrs?

Below I have plotted the NAV data for the month of Oct for 1996, 2001,2006,2011 and 2016. See how it looks like

hdfc top 200 fund returns in 5 yrs

This tells us that if we stay with our funds (provided they are chosen properly and reviewed from time to time) can help us grow a massive amount of wealth.

So stop looking at your mutual fund’s performance in short terms like 3 months or even a year.

3 more critical information you should know

Mutual Funds investments are highly liquid – If you redeem your mutual funds, you can get back your money in 3-4 business days in case of equity mutual funds. In case of liquid funds its just 1 day, so for short term requirements you can keep some money in liquid funds, but most of your long term goals related investments should be in equity mutual funds

Post-tax returns on mutual funds are better – As of now, the long term capital gains in equity are tax-free, which means that after 1 yr of investments, any profits are not taxable. So this is another advantage of investing in equity funds

You can change your investments any time – Other than tax saving mutual funds, almost all the mutual funds can be switched to other mutual funds if you want. So if your fund does not perform well, you can switch it anytime to another fund

I hope you got some great insights into your equity mutual funds investments and how you should behave as a mutual fund’s investors. It’s very different from investing in Fixed Deposits or PPF or any other kind of investors and your expectations should be very different.
Let me know if you have any more points to discuss or ask in the comments section.

How mutual funds operate internally and have strong structure ?

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Today, I want to help you understand how a mutual fund operates in layman language and how its structure looks like. How various entities come together to create a mutual fund.

There are a lot of investors who are new to mutual funds concept and they have just heard about the mutual funds. All they know about it is that some investors pool in their money in mutual funds, which invests in markets by a fund manager and they get very good returns. While that’s a simple explanation, I today want to inform you about the details and how things actually are structured, which makes mutual funds one of the safest instruments and highly professional, and leaves almost no chance of fraud in mutual funds

structure of mutual fund in india

So let’s get into the entities which comprise of a mutual fund.

1. Sponsor

The first entity is the “sponsor” of a mutual fund. It’s a person or the corporate body which initiates the launch of a mutual fund. You can see this person as the promotor of the company, who is the first one to think about the company. As per SEBI, the sponsor should have a good reputation, great professional competence and they should be financially sound to become a sponsor.

They also need to have at least 5 yrs of experience in the financial services industry and should contribute 40% of the AMC net worth (we will soon see what is AMC). The sponsor is not responsible or liable for any loss or shortfall resulting from the operation of the schemes beyond the initial contribution made by it towards setting up of the mutual fund

2. Trustees

The next thing you should know is that a mutual fund is created as a public trust and registered with SEBI. The sponsor appoints the trustees which look after the trust and they are the owners of the mutual fund property and assets.

However, the role of the trustees is not to manage the day to day affairs of the mutual fund, but only to regulate the mutual fund. They make sure that everything is happening as per regulations and the money invested is managed as per the objectives set by the mutual fund. The trustees act as a protector of unitholders’ interests.

As per the SEBI rules, At least 2/3rd of the directors of the trustees have to be independent directors who are not associated with the sponsor in any manner.

3. AMC (Asset Management Company)

Now comes the main thing.

AMC means the Asset Management company which actually manages the investor’s money and takes the decision of investing the money. The AMC is appointed by Trustees. AMC does the fund management and charges a fee for their services which is borne out of the investor’s money (that’s why expense ratio is there)

The AMC has to be approved by the SEBI and the Board of Directors in AMC must have at least 50% of Directors who are independent directors. So an AMC functions under the supervision of SEBI, Trustees and the board of directors.

Some rules set by SEBI

As per rules set by SEBI, An AMC (also referred to as fund house) can’t use the same broker to buy more than 5% of the securities. Just like we use a trading account to buy and sell securities, in the same way, an AMC uses a broker to buy and sell securities in large quantities, but they can’t buy a bulk quantity with the same broker, which makes sure they can’t have any “arrangements” with one of them.

So when you say HDFC Mutual Fund, you are referring to the Trust. The AMC for HDFC Mutual Fund is “HDFC Asset Management Company Limited”. So all the investment decisions of buying and selling the securities are taken by the AMC and not HDFC Mutual Fund (the trust)

Below you can see the details of trustees, sponsor, and AMC which I took from the HDFC Mutual Fund website

mutual fund structure in india

AMC is responsible for floating a new mutual fund scheme, and inorder to do that, they have to follow rules prescribed by SEBI and require the signature of the trustee.

So the HDFC Top 200 fund was floated by HDFC Asset Management Company Limited (AMC), but owned by HDFC mutual fund (the trust). It is the AMC that hires all the fund managers, IFA (agents) who helps in sales, and all the employees who work at the AMC offices.

4. Custodian and Depository

Here comes the interesting part.

The securities which are bought and sold by the fund manager, it’s actually not in the custody of AMC, but another entity called custodian or the depository participant. It is registered with SEBI and has the access to the securities.

A custodian keeps the physical securities (like GOLD and any physical certificates) and any Demat stocks/units are stored at Depository level.

A custodian is also responsible for keeping an eye on all the corporate actions like when is a stock declaring dividend, bonus issue etc in the stocks where fund has invested. So an AMC just focuses on the decisions like buying and selling and all the task of managing, storing of actual securities happens at the custodian level

Note that an AMC can have more than one custodian for various kinds of securities, like in case of HDFC AMC, the securities are with HDFC Bank LTD (one of the custodians), but for their HDFC Gold ETF, the custodian is Deutsche Bank A.G which stores physical gold.

As per regulations, Sponsor and the Custodian must be separate entities which make the mutual funds a very safe instrument and fraud is almost impossible.

5. Registrar and transfer agents (RTA)

Finally, comes to a very important entity called as Registrar and Transfer agents(RTA), which are appointed by AMC

These RTA are the entities that carry out all the clerical work like processing of applications, processing KYC of investors, issuing unit certificates, sending refunds, processing redemption orders etc. So you must have heard about CAMS and Karvy, which are the RTA agencies for mutual funds. So some AMC’s give contract to CAMS and other AMC’s have given it to Karvy. The RTA charges a service fee for the work they do.

So for example, HDFC, Birla, ICICI, SBI are serviced by CAMS, whereas Reliance, UTI, Axis mutual funds have chosen Karvy as their RTA. Note that all the AMC offices also carry out the clerical tasks like if you want to change the address in your mutual funds or add a nominee, you can go to AMC office directly or their RTA

Below is a snapshot of what all mutual fund companies servicing is done at CAMS at the time of writing this article

List of AMC serviced by CAMS

This completes the high-level structure of mutual funds. There are various other small entities that are sub-parts of these bigger entities but let’s not get into that as of now.

By looking at the above structure you can understand that a lot of care has been taken to design the mutual funds and at various points, the conflict of interest does not arise.

Are you investing in mutual funds?

Mutual Funds are wonderful products and especially for long term goals. You can now start your mutual fund’s journey with Jagoinvestor if are planning to invest in mutual funds.

5 Challenges which you should overcome to create long term wealth

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Do you want to create a lot of wealth? Do you want to see crores of rupees in your bank account? I am sure you know that’s not an easy task. You also know that it will take a lot of time and dedication to create wealth over the long term. Do do you know that it’s more tough than you think? I will show you why?

wealth creation

Have you ever seen those retirement calculators online, where you punch in your numbers and find out how much corpus you will be able to generate over the years if you consistently invest a fixed amount year after year at a certain rate of interest?

The calculator throws a big number at you and you feel – “Wow … That’s looks straight forward and simple”

Below you can see an example.

I calculated how much wealth a 30 yr old guy can generate by the time he retires at age 60 (30 yrs tenure) if he invests Rs 20,000 per month at a return of 12% per annum. Below is the result.

wealth creation long term

It looks so simple on paper. One can generate a wealth of Rs 7 crores in 30 yrs period if one consistently invests Rs 20,000 per month.

Doesn’t it look over simplified? It definitely is!

While the calculator above makes it look like a child’s play to create long term wealth, in reality – it’s definitely not that easy and there are various things to be considered here, which I want to discuss in this article.

What are the assumptions in the calculator above?

If you look at the calculator above and the numbers, you will realize that 5 assumptions which are

  • The investor keep earning over the years and bring back the income
  • The investor will have enough surplus each month
  • Investor will be able to generate a 12% return over long term
  • The investor will not disturb his wealth creation process
  • The investor will not use the money out of the accumulated money till the end of tenure

Now if you look at the 5 points above, long term wealth can be created only if all the 5 points above are true or maximum of them are true. Each of the point above is a challenge in itself. If you overcome all these 5 points, you are then set to build long term wealth.

So now, if you try to capture these points as the ACTION and RESULT, then here is how it looks like

wealth creation model

So let’s touch on each of these 5 assumptions one by one and see in detail and see what are the challenges in handling them

Assumption #1 – The investor will keep earning over the years and bring back the income

Let’s start from the most basic foundation point.

A lot of people who have been earning from many years (let’s say 5 yrs) and never faced any issues in their career seem to feel that its a cakewalk to continue doing it without any issues for the next 20-25 yrs of their life. They think that it would be a smooth ride. However, you need to know that

  • There is a section of the population who are struggling in their career and will not be getting the same salaries if they switch jobs
  • There are people whose income is not rising as per their expectation and a lot of people take salary cuts
  • A lot of investors are out of their jobs/business due to competition, policy changes in the industry
  • A lot of investors at times spend many months without bringing back any income because of health issues, layoffs, and other reasons.

At least 3 of our clients have stopped their SIP’s in the last 6 months because their income has stopped/reduced due to some issues at their workplace. While it might be a short term problem, you never know if it can extend for a very long time for some one. One client is working in the Middle East, and his job is not that stable and he is damn scared of this fact.

Another client told me that as per his understanding, he is getting the maximum salary he can command in his industry and if he loses his job for any reason, he will have to join another company at a lower salary.

One client is hell scared because he is just surviving his job from many years and if he is fired due to non-performance, he does not believe that other companies will hire him at the same salary

Focus on your “employability” and potential to earn

My partner Nandish Desai, says a very important point about employability – “To get a job, you need to be useful for someone”

You need to make sure that whatever you do, whichever sector you enter, which ever skill you acquire – do it like a pro. Become a highly useful person in your domain of work. Be among the best. Your skills should be outstanding and you should be the master of what you do. If that happens, you will be highly sought after and everyone will want to hire you.

This way you are ensuring that all your future income is secured. If things get tough in your industry, you will be one of the last people who will face issues. If you face any issue, you will soon find a new job. And if you want to switch, you can command a better salary.

Focusing on your career and investing in your own development is one of the most rewarding decisions you can make in your financial life. Only when you ensure that you have taken care of this point, other points will come into the picture.

You need to understand that only if your future cashflow is protected, only then you can save from it and only then you can think of the returns and everything else. No income, no wealth in the future!

Assumption #2 – The investor will have enough surplus each month

Taking the example above, the 2nd assumption was that the investor will continue investing Rs 20,000 per month over the next 30 yrs without fail. For you personally, this number can be Rs 10,000 or Rs 50,000, the same is true for yourself.

Will you be able to consistently invest that much each month? Will you be left with that much each month? year after year?

You might be able to continue that for some months or years but think of the real-life issues which we all face. And you never know your life will take turns, you never know how unpredictable things are. You might have to switch jobs because of health?

When you will have kids, your expenses might shoot up, you may face an emergency which might last for many months to come, there can be health issues and you can get into the never-ending cycle of –

High income -> high expenses -> less saving.

In fact, I have seen this in reality. Forget about investing each month, one of our clients is redeeming back from his mutual fund’s corpus because there is a prolonged medical emergency at home and he is not able to handle all expenses the way he had planned before.

My whole point is that it’s very very tough to maintain the consistency and discipline in investing in real life and there will be disturbances.

High Lifestyle is making saving tougher

Now a day’s it’s more common to see people living on a paycheck to paycheck basis. The high lifestyle and the increased consumerism have ensured that even if you are earning high, it will get tough for you to save. Salaries like Rs 1 lac or 2 lacs per month are very common these days in many cities, but the savings are not in line with the salary.

Hence, you need to ensure that you after your expenses are done, you generate a consistent and a minimum 20% of investible surplus from your salary. Take it as a game and try to win it each month.

Assumption #3 – The investor will be able to generate a 12% return over the long term

The next assumption is that the investor will generate 12% return over long term from his investments? Now where do you invest your money to get more than 12% returns over such a long term?

Any guesses?

The answer is equities !. It has to be in shares, equity mutual funds, ETF’s, Index funds, etc. This is not an easy thing for the majority population in India, because most of the people in India do not understand how equities work and banking products are their lifelong favorite. They are earning 8-9% (6-7% post-tax) from years.

So for them to earn 12% would be very tough because first, they need to get clarity about how equities work and get comfortable with it.

Data and chart:

Now let me show you some data and charts which will convince you why you should be in equity to earn a 12% return on your investments.

Below is the chart which shows the CAGR return for 10 yrs periods if the money was invested in NIFTY. The data is from 1st Jan 2001 to 1st Jan 2016, so there are many 10 yrs period like

  • 1st Jan 2001 – 1st Jan 2011 (first point)
  • 2nd Jan 2001 – 2nd Jan 2011
  • —
  • —
  • 1st Jan 2006 – 1st Jan 2016 (Last point)

We then plotted the CAGR Return for all these periods and below is the answer. The CAGR return almost always was above 12%, however for few months towards the end it was a bit below 12% .

CAGR return nifty 10 yrs

Another graph which I want you to see is the 10 yrs CAGR return chart from Sensex, which is for its 36 yrs of existence.

So there are 26 different “10 yrs” tenures and we calculated the CAGR return for all the 26 data points and below is the result. Around 21 times out of 26, the return was more than 12% and at times it was very high like 20%-30 %. Few periods had fewer returns like 6% or 11 %, but then if you look at the overall 36 yrs period, the CAGR return converts to 17% return.

CAGR return sensex 10 yrs rolling returns

Now while it’s very easy to conclude that if you invest in equity over a long term, you will get required 12% return, its very tough to practice in real life, which we will see in next point very soon.

asset class returns

Lets me share with you that a very small percentage of our India population invests in Equity.

The major money lies in FD, Gold and insurance products and even real estate. And it’s going to be very tough to generate a 12% return from these asset classes. In fact, Morgan Stanley’s Research has clearly shown that equity has beaten all the asset classes in the long run and below is a snapshot of that research.

So if you want to build wealth over the long term and you are investing the majority of your money in FD, understand that your post tax return is lower than the inflation.

Your money might be growing in numbers (Rs 10 lacs became 20 lacs in 9 yrs), but the worth of your money has come down (20 lacs today can buy less of what 10 lacs could have bought 9 yrs back). You are in fact getting poorer in a slow-motion and you are not realizing that.

Assumption #4 – The investor will not disturb his wealth creation process

Read the following question and answer.

Q – Do you know what is the biggest challenge for an investor if he has invested in equities (mutual funds or Stocks)?

ANS – To remain inactive and sit tight without doing anything and let his wealth grow.

Making money in stock markets is challenging, not because markets have any issue, but because we investors have a behavioral issue. We can’t handle the uncertainty and volatility which comes with the stock market. It’s not for weak-hearted.

For some one who has been with FD’s and has the habit of seeing his investments grow in a linear fashion, he can literally go crazy with mutual funds because it brings so much of ups and downs and volatile movements.

Should I stop SIP when the market is falling?

In the last 2 weeks itself, we have got many emails from our clients whose SIP’s are going on in equity mutual funds, asking if they should stop their SIP’s as markets are falling? I have told them to act like a ninja investor and see it as an opportunity and pump in more money because in the coming years we might see a very good bull run? (any body remember what happens for the next 2-3 yrs after 2007 crash ?)

Note that all these clients SIP’s are running for very long term goals like retirement or children’s education which are going to arrive only after 15-20 yrs. There is no problem as such with that behavior.

It’s very natural, but I am just trying to tell you that it’s not that easy to handle the pressure which comes from the volatile nature of markets and very few investors have that dedication and understanding of how things work in the stock market.

Very few people can control their greed and fear and that’s the reason very few people are able to make the most of the returns from the equity markets over the long term. Below you can see a snapshot of kind of queries which start coming up if markets show any kind of fall for a long time like 6 months or a year.

markets are down

The cycle of Greed and Fear

If you see the stock markets right now, you will realize that we currently are in that same phase where investors panic and take out the money from their portfolios. Markets are falling from last 1 yr and especially this month it has gone down by a big margin.

So even if an investor is investing a good amount each month and he has read about how equity markets work and they understand the game of equity, still it’s very tough for an average investor to stay calm and stay with markets consistently for a very long time.

Some stop their SIP’s, Some redeem their money and shift it to FD’s thinking – “I will again be back, when the markets will calm down and start going up”.

However, you never know when that up move started and by the time you realize, you lose the next bull run. The below chart clearly shows how 99% of investors think and behave in stock markets.

cycle of greed and fear

So what is the solution? What should you do?

Remember that if you are in equities with a long term view like 10-15-20 yrs, then you are going to see many cycles of ups and down. You can’t escape it. You need to think of the down market as the “sale” where you can accumulate more stocks or mutual funds units at a cheaper price so as to gain from the up move later.

And when markets are going up, don’t redeem your money or try to “book the gains” because you will most probably miss the bigger up move trying to redeem the smaller up move. You need to understand that you are not there for “trading” or short term profit booking (incase, you are there for trading, then this does not apply to you)

Just sit tight, keep your SIP going and make sure you are in right mutual funds (not the best, because it does not exist). Review them in a few years and let the process of wealth creation take place. It requires patience and only a small percentage of investors are going to reach the final destination. Be one of them.

Assumption #5 – The investor will not use the money out of the accumulated money till the end of tenure

Having 5 lacs in your bank account is very different from having Rs 5 crores. You might think – “What’s the difference? it’s just 100X, rest everything is same”

No, your feelings about your money, your risk appetite, your thoughts around money, your desperation to do something will be at a very different level when you have 100X money in your bank account.

It’s a very tough thing to “not do anything” when you have so much money getting accumulated in your account. Once your corpus reaches a respectable limit like 80 lacs or 1 crore, you will start thinking in these lines

  • Let’s shift some money in FD now.
  • Let’s upgrade our house now, I can surely take out 50 lacs from my portfolio
  • Now I deserve that dream car I always wanted, I have good money now
  • Let me have a grand wedding for my children, after all – I have a good corpus now

Your lifestyle will go up, your vacations will get luxurious and you will get all the reasons to spend the money and take a dip in your portfolio.

Let me be clear, that I am not saying there is anything wrong with spending your money or using it for yourself.

please do that. After all, if you have managed to earn so much money and accumulated the good corpus, you surely deserve a better lifestyle.

All I am saying is that it’s a challenge to let your portfolio grow and not disturb it. So in our example at the start of the article, you might not reach 7 crores as per calculation, but may be 4.3 crores or just 3 crores, because you keep taking out the money out of your corpus many times in between for various reasons.

If you are just taking out a portion of your corpus and reinvesting in something else which you can redeem back later, it’s still fine. But if you are “spending” the money and consuming it, then it’s GONE. That part will not reflect in corpus now and you will have a lesser corpus to that extent.

If you can make sure you have that ability to stay calm and see your wealth grow without disturbing it, then you are bound to see a good amount of wealth in your life.

So here is the final checklist before you start your wealth creation journey

  • Spend a good amount to time to understand how equities work in the long run. I have explained about equity in the 3rd chapter of my 1st book – “16 personal finance principles every investor should know”. Get a copy and read it
  • Work on your career strongly and become very very good at what you are doing. Make sure you are highly employable even if the bad time comes. This will make sure your cash flows are more or less ensured.
  • Spend 10% time on cutting down your expenses if there is any scope, and spend 90% of your energy in increasing your income. Remember, reducing expenses is tough and has a lower limit. Increasing income does not have a ceiling.
  • Make sure you start the SIP in equity mutual funds with a long term perspective. When markets fall, rejoice ! and keep adding more money. Be a tough hearted and you will be rewarded over long term
  • Make sure you plan for other goals separately so that you do not use your main corpus in between for small things

Let me know if your way of looking at long term wealth creation has changed or not by reading this article. I would love to hear your views.

Update your FATCA declaration online in 2 min, if you are an existing mutual fund investor

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Are you an existing mutual fund investor? If YES, then you must have got an email from the fund houses where you have invested to provide some additional information about yourself and about your tax residency related questions in the name of FATCA declaration.

In this article I will quickly guide you about what is this FATCA Compliance and how you can update this information with AMC online in 5 min.

What is FATCA Compliance?

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act or FATCA was passed in US in the year 2010 to make sure that the financial institutions across the world share some basic information of their US based clients.

A lot of investors from US (US citizen and NRI’s residing in US) were supposed to disclose their investments outside the US, but it didn’t happen the way US govt was expecting.

So finally, US govt passed this FATCA law and signed treaties with various countries across the world. India is one of them. So now various financial institutions based in India are asking all their customers to give a declaration about their tax residency, place of birth and if they are paying taxes in any other countries. I am not going into too much of detail here, because you can read it in detail in this moneylife article here .

The main purpose of this article is just to help you understand, how you can update these FATCA details quickly in 2 min online.

All mutual funds investors are supposed to update their information with AMC’s by the end of Dec 2015.

If an investor fails to update their FATCA declaration, then their additional investments will not be processed in future and any SIP which is currently running will also get stopped. So it’s suggested that you complete the declaration as soon as possible. Note that your existing investments will remain intact and there is no impact on that.

How to update your FATCA related information online?

It’s very simple. All you need to do is visit the following two links and update your information.

I have created a short video tutorial on how to update the FATCA information online. Please check it below

Note that a mutual funds is either serviced by CAMS or Karvy (all funds except franklin Templeton, go this link where you can update FATCA for franklin). So these agencies have come up with the links online where one can update all their information.

When you update your information online, an OTP will be generated which will be send to your email/phone which is registered in their records. If you are invested in mutual funds which are services by CAMS (like Birla, ICICI, HDFC etc) , you just need to update the first link (cams one). If you are invested in mutual funds which are serviced by Karvy like Reliance, UTI or Canara Robeco, then you will have to update the karvy link as well.

Below is the snapshot explaining how you can update the CAMS link 

Update FATCA online

In the same manner, you can update the Karvy link with your FATCA information. The OTP will be generated in that case also and all the information is same. You need to update the karvy link, only if you have invested in any mutual fund serviced by them in past.

In anycase, my suggestion is to try to update both the links. There is no harm anyways

FATCA Impact on US & Canada NRI’s ?

So what is the impact of this FATCA declaration on those NRI’s who are based in US and Canada. Let me be very brief and to the point here. Only 3-4 AMC’s in India are going to except fresh investments from US & Canada based NRI’s. Few of them are UTI, L&T and Sundaram mutual funds. so if you are a NRI based in US and Canada, now you will not be able to invest in mutual funds from HDFC, ICICI, Birla, Reliance and many others.

However any existing investments can be continued (SIP wont be continued, but the current worth in those funds will be as it is) . One can redeem them whenever they wish to.

NRI’s based in other countries can invest in any fund house they want.

Incase you have any question on this FATCA declaration, feel free to ask your queries in comments section

What are Arbitrage mutual funds and how they are safe and tax efficient ?

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Do you want to invest in a mutual fund which has near zero-risk, offers returns in range of 6-9% with high liquidity and at the same time, they are tax efficient? Welcome to the world of “Arbitrage Mutual Funds”.

arbitrage mutual funds

Arbitrage mutual funds are a category of mutual funds which are comparable to liquid funds or a pure debt fund whose returns are in range of 6-9% per annum, but from taxation perspective they are treated like equity mutual funds. These arbitrage funds have suddenly become very famous with investors after this tax budget, because the taxation on debt funds changed and became unattractive compared to past.

How does an Arbitrage mutual fund work ?

You should first understand the word “arbitrage”. In short arbitrage means – “simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in the price”.

Let me give you an example

  • Imagine that a person wants to buy a second hand phone and is ready to pay Rs 2,000 for it. You go to OLX and see that the same phone is selling at Rs 1,200 there. You then buy the phone at 1200 and sell it at 2000 and make the profit of Rs 800 . This is one example of arbitrage
  • Another example is gold. Gold prices are different in various cities. So there is a possibility that gold can be cheaper in bangalore compared to chennai and a gold dealer buys it from Bangalore and sells it in Chennai. This is another example of arbitrage

In the examples above, the problem is that the buy and selling happens at two different times, and hence there is small risk.

But what will happen if you are able to buy and sell at the same time? In that case, there is no risk, because instantly you are locking the profits (the difference price)

This is exactly what happens in Arbitrage mutual funds

In case of arbitrage mutual funds, the funds explore the arbitrage opportunities where the same stock is quoting at two different prices at BSE and NSE at the same time and they buy and sell in different markets and make the profits.

The other thing which an arbitrage fund does is use cash and derivative markets. For example, a stock might be available at Rs 100 on stock market, but it might be selling at Rs 104 in future’s market (if you dont understand derivative markets, thats ok , dont worry) and they make the difference as profits.

Lets not go to much into detail of how they work, as of now just understand that arbitrage funds use the arbitrage technique to earn the profits from the gaps in markets and its almost risk free.

Arbitrage funds returns are tax free after a year

So lets come to the biggest plus point of an arbitrage fund.

The biggest advantage of arbitrage funds is that they are treated as equity mutual funds, when it comes to taxation. Hence any return you earn after holding it for 12 months is tax free, and incase you hold it for less than 12 montsh and make any profits, the taxation is 15% (short term capital gains tax).

So, return wise arbitrage funds can be compared to a liquid fund and the returns potential are in range of 6-9% depending on the time frame and the yield of the instruments they have invested into.

Now think about this scenario

If you want to park a big sum of money for some months or approx one year, but you dont want to take a lot of risk on the capital and at the same time want a highly tax optimized solution, what are your options?

FD is not that great option, because if you are in 30% tax bracket, you will be paying tax at the rate of 30% and if you break your FD in between before maturity, you will also pay penalty. In that case, these arbitrage funds can be a very good alternative, because they can give decent returns, high liquidity and lower tax (no tax if held for more than a yr)

Below you can see some of arbitrage mutual funds and their performance over the last 1 yr (as on sep, 2015)

arbitrage funds in India - some examples

You will see that the returns from these funds have been in the range on 8%, which is quite good and comparable to Fixed deposits and liquid funds.

Are there any risk in Arbitrage Funds?

Yes, But more then risk, I would say these are some points which every investor should be aware about before they invest in arbitrage funds.

You should understand that arbitrage opportunities must exist if arbitrage funds have to perform better, means if the markets are uncertain, then good opportunities will exist for arbitrage funds and they will give decent profits, but if markets are not volatile enough, it might happen that the returns from arbitrage funds are unattractive.

If you look at past 3 yrs returns, you will find that the returns have been very good, but if you go a bit in history you will see that they have not give the same kind of return always. See the chart below for Kotak Equity Arbitrage fund, a very good fund in that category

arbitrage mutual-fund performance and risk

You will see that in the year 2009 and 2010, the fund has not performed well like it did in earliar years or after 2011. So be very clear that you cant expect them to return in the range of 8-9% always. There will be times when they will return 4% or 5%, but that happens rarely.

How liquid are Arbitrage funds ?

Lets talk about liquidity factor now.

You will often hear that arbitrage funds can be compared to liquid funds as they are highly liquid and risk free. So some extent this is very true, but if you go deeper, there are few differences.

  1. Arbitrage funds redemption can take 3-4 days : An arbitrage fund redemption can take 3-4 days compared to just 1 day in case of liquid fund, so if your requirement is that the money should come back to you the next day if you want to redeem, then arbitrage funds are not the right choice.
  2. Arbitrage funds have exit load for 90 days – Most of the arbitrage funds have a small exit load anywhere from 0.25% to 0.5% if you take out the money before 90 days. If compared to liquid funds, there does not exist any exit load and you can take out the money even in a week without any loads. For example, incase of ICICI Prudential Equity arbitrage fund, its exit load is 0.25% if redemption before 30 days

The above two points conclude, that one should ideally choose arbitrage funds if one is looking to park funds anywhere from 3 months to 2 yrs. Also someone who is falling under a lower tax slab, will not benefit too much from investing in arbitrage fund because anyways their tax slab is less.

Comparing Arbitrage fund with Fixed deposit and Liquid fund

Finally, let me give a rough comparision of arbitrage fund with bank FD and liquid funds, which will make you more clear. The comparision chart below shows various criteria and how these products compare.

comparision of arbitrage mutual funds vs fixed deposit vs liquid fund

So shall you invest in arbitrage funds?

I think based on the above information, you can now take the call if you want to invest in arbitrage funds or not. Let me know what you are going to do and what comes to your mind about this category of mutual funds.

3 parameters to look at before you pick your mutual fund house !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

There are more than 40 mutual fund houses (AMC) in India and every investor has his own favorite mutual fund house to pick. We hear about best mutual funds on various websites, hoardings and even look at their performance on valueresearchonline and then choose them for lumpsum investment or starting our SIP.

But on what parameters do you choose these mutual fund houses (not mutual fund) ? Will you pick Birla Sunlife or DSP BlackRock ? Will you choose HDFC or SBI mutual funds? Will you pick Quantum Mutual funds or PPFAS ? Or will it be Reliance Mutual Funds or ICICI Prudential ?

how to choose mutual fund-house

Image Source

In this article I want to talk about 4 parameters which were discussed by a Financial Planner – Dinesh Jain in one of the articles comments section. I am expanding them for the benefit of readers.

3 questions to ask before choosing a great fund house

1. Is asset management the core competency and passion for fund house or just another business ?

One of the things, you can look at is – “Is Asset management just another business for the fund house to make money ?”, Or is it also their passion and core competency? Will they close down the business or sell it to some other AMC, just because the revenues are down ? What kind of message do you get when you look at the fund house advertisements or their videos on internet? Take an example of Birla Sunlife mutual funds and Quantum mutual funds, do you see any difference in the way they operate or communicate ? Which fund house do you feel is more focused on asset management ? Or look at DSP BlackRock Mutual fund and Reliance mutual fund , do you get a different kind of feel in both or same ?

The first level filtering of this parameters will clean out some fund houses from your mutual fund shopping list. Note that its up-to you to decide which fund houses you think do not pass this test. You have to do your own study on this.

2. Does Fund house focus on Quality or Quantity of funds ?

The second important parameter to look at how many funds an AMC launches and for what reasons? Now, I am not saying that the fund house should not launch new funds, but do they do it, because of the demand and opportunities in market or just to cash on the market sentiments and mood ?

There are so many fund houses, who came up with new and useless NFO’s during stock market boom, just to cash on the market sentiments and named their funds in such a fancy manner that gives a feeling that the fund is so awesome ! , but when the market was bad, and they could not handle so many funds, they merged them with their other better performing funds.

So some fund houses are really an ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY and some are kind of ASSET GATHERING COMPANIES which just want to launch funds and their focus is on increasing the AUM, so more charges can come to them and increase their profitability. Nothing wrong in making more profits or thinking about it, but at what cost is it done is the question? Now its up to you to decide if you want to avoid these kind of fund houses or go with them.

3. How transparent and Honest is Fund House

One of the parameters you can look at is the transparency and honesty of the fund house. Look at their website, and see what kind of disclosures they have made? Do they do what they say ! , or both are different things ? Do they do their investor education program just to sell their products and schemes or genuinely they want to help investors ?

Conclusion

Picking a right mutual fund is important, but you should also do some background check on the parent fund house also before you pick your funds. Note that these 4 parameters are just for reference and it might happen that for someone these parameters does not make sense.

Can you please share what parameter you think is important one !

PPFAS Enters Mutual Fund Business with “PPFAS Long Term Value Fund”

Posted on by Jagoinvestor
You must have heard the name of Parag Parikh, the veteran who has spend decades in the Indian stock markets. He runs PPFAS (Parag Parikh Financial advisory services) . They have been running PMS scheme for quite a while now, since 1996!. They have been practicing value investing from decades and now they have decided to enter the mutual fund space, not just as another also ran, but with a very clear focus. They want value investing to be the prime focus of investing in equities and have come up with “PPFAS Long Term Value Fund”. SEBI has cleared it and it will launch by next month!

PPFAS Mutual Funds

So, I decided to directly catch Rajeev Thakkar , CEO & Fund Manager of PPFAS Mutual Fund to answer few questions for our readers.  This should give us a clear idea of their vision. Those of you, who would really like to invest in equities for a very long term like 10-12 yrs, can place your bets if you find you are interested.

Here are few questions I asked Rajeev Thakkar (he has been managing the PMS for PPFAS since 2003).

1. A lot of investors still do not know about PPFAS . Would you like to share its history?

PPFAS Ltd. our Sponsor, was incorporated in 1992. Prior to that, our Chairman, Mr. Parag Parikh, ran a proprietary organisation from 1979. It was one of the earliest recipients of the Portfolio Management Service (PMS) licence, having secured it in 1995.

Over the years, it has transformed itself from being a stock and fixed income brokerage house to a reputed Portfolio Manager and currently manages over Rs. 300 crores in its flagship scheme. It has now embarked on the next step in asset management by sponsoring PPFAS Mutual Fund.

2. Why PPFAS entered Mutual funds when you already had a successful PMS ?

The main reasons behind this move are –

a) Over the years, the landscape for PMS has become progressively challenging for the investor. A hike in the minimum ticket size and increasingly tedious account opening procedures are two examples.

b) A PMS product is also perceived to be an opaque one – though we can proudly say that we defy this perception by disclosing various key data points on our sponsor’s website [www.ppfas.com].

c) Tax treatment of capital gains in a PMS product has also been a point of contention, subject to various interpretations based on the nature and frequency of the transactions .

On the other hand, a mutual fund is a far more regulated and transparent investment vehicle as compared to a Portfolio Management Scheme. Unlike PMS schemes, a mutual fund scheme’s performance, portfolio etc. is tracked by independent research agencies on a regular basis. This helps an investor in making comparisons and allocating capital accordingly. It scores on the operational front too. For instance, each time a client opts for a PMS scheme he/she has to undergo
tedious and time-consuming Know-Your-Client (KYC) related formalities.

This can be obviated in case of a mutual fund, where one KYC / KRA number is valid across all mutual funds. An investor is also able to deploy smaller amounts of capital in a mutual fund scheme. This is especially helpful when they are testing the waters. This latitude is all the more useful, now that the minimum initial corpus for a PMS account has been raised from Rs. 5 lakhs to Rs. 25 lakhs.

For fund managers too, a mutual fund is operationally easier to manage as it does not call for segregation of individual accounts, separate order placement etc. Unlike a PMS scheme, a mutual fund scheme is treated as a pass-through vehicle, thereby making it a more tax-efficient vehicle for investors.

3. Can you share why you have come up with just a single equity fund? Won’t you come up with 5-10 funds ?

Yes. In an age of ‘the more the merrier’ we walk alone. Others may launch an array of equity schemes with narrowly focussed objectives, but we believe, this leads to needless duplication and confusion.

PPFAS Long Term Value Fund’s mandate permits it to invest in companies, unfettered by any self-imposed limitations with regard to market capitalisation or geography. We believe that if our investors’ objectives can be met through one scheme there is no need to launch a slew of them. Hence it will be our only offering in the equity segment.

4. What are the top 3 things which you feel will be different with PPFAS LTEF and other equity funds in market? What is the value proposition you are offering?

The top three differences between us and the others is –

  • We will be the first mutual fund to disclose the holdings of key employees of PPFAS Mutual Fund in the scheme.
  • As mentioned above, we will launch only one scheme in the equity segment.
  • On our website (amc.ppfas.com) we have explicitly mentioned the kind of investors, we do not want. I do not know of any other mutual fund which actively discourages the wrong kind of investors from investing in its schemes.

Apart from these, there are a few more differences which have been outlined on our website

5. As It is a new entry in mutual funds, a lot of investors might want to wait and watch for the performance of your NFO. What do you have to say about it?

Sure… We are cognizant of that.

That is why we are not hard-selling our scheme through the mainstream media at this juncture. Also, that is why we have not approached the national distributors / banks. Only a few distributors (currently 20) who believe in our approach have signed up with us.

Many key investors in the PMS scheme of our Sponsor, have agreed to migrate to ‘PPFAS Long Term Value Fund.’ They will form the nucleus of our scheme. Besides these, we have received over 300 expressions of interest from new investors through our website and other sources. Some of them may invest either at the New Fund Offer stage or soon thereafter.

We envisage greater interest among the distributor community after a couple of years, once we have built a track record and are actively tracked by reputed agencies such as Morningstar and Value Research.

6. I am sure a lot of investors might want to invest through DIRECT route now. How can some one invest easily with PPFAS, because right now I suppose you do not have a lot of offices across India or in various cities? 

We are actively promoting the benefits of investing through the Direct Plan, positioning it as a cost-effective mode of investment. Investors can choose between

The online option – via our website

OR

The offline option – Investors can submit the duly filled forms either at our Corporate Office in Fort, Mumbai or at any of the offices of our registrar, CAMS, who will double up as Points of Collection. CAMS has a very good network of offices India-wide.

7. What is your outlook for next 10-20 yrs for equity markets? I am asking you this, because you have come up with a equity fund, saying that it’s a long term fund.

While our scheme stresses on the long-term it does not necessarily mean that we have any strong view on the state of the overall stock market. Our premise is that investment-worthy stocks will be available irrespective of index levels and we prefer to concentrate on that aspect, rather than crystal-gaze.

Having said that, we obviously believe that equities form an important constituent in the portfolios of most investors now and over the coming decades and as a corollary, you could infer that we are positive on the future prospects of equities in general.

8. Anything else you would like to tell our readers?

Just like the boilerplate which states ‘Read the offer document carefully before investing’ we urge investors to read the contents of our website carefully and then decide whether you would like to invest with us or not.

While we cannot guarantee you any returns owing to the volatility inherent in equities, we will manage your money prudently, based on the time-tested principles of value investing, and play a role in helping you achieve your long-term financial goals. We are here for the long-term and our journey is just beginning. You could join us if you believe in our method of money management.

Scheme Information Document – PPFAS Long Term Value Fund

Here is the Scheme Information document of PPFAS Long Term Value Fund attached below.

Conclusion

While there are tons of AMCs in India, most of them focus on too many funds. PPFAS mutual funds seem to be very focused on what they believe in and seem to be on the path to evolve as a fund house that’ll be known for value investing. In a recent interview with firstport, Mr. Parag Parikh is sharing how they are themselves going to put their own money into the fund, so that there is inherent accountability and committment.

About 29 years ago, I started off as a broker and we were the first brokers to have a research department. That was the competitive edge which I wanted to get the institutional business, because that was cornered by about 12-13 brokers. As far as broking was concerned, we always believed money management is a profession rather than a business. When it is a profession, you do what is good for the client. But when it turns into a business, you do what the business demands.

Unfortunately, in mutual funds today you have this mad craze for getting assets under management. You have marketing teams, distributors. You pay them anything to get the money. From our MF’s point of view, we were professionals and we will keep it that way and run the MF as professionals. That’s the idea.

Ultimately, when you invest in our fund, what are you looking at? Returns. That is where we want to be game-changers. Secondly, what is your commitment to a fund? Today, me, Rajeev (Thakkar, CEO of PPFAS AMC) and all our senior people are going to make our own equity investments through the fund. We have to believe in what we’re doing. Whatever equity investments we have in the market, we’d rather put that in the fund.

Are you going to invest in PPFAS mutual funds ? Anyone !

Direct Plan of Mutual Funds – Everything you wanted to learn about it !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

A lot of buzz is going around “Direct Plan” when it comes to Mutual funds. A lot of investors still don’t understand the full impact of Direct Option and if they should invest in the same old way or with this new option. In this article – we are going to unearth all the aspects of Direct and Normal Option of investing in mutual funds.

Direct Plan in Mutual Funds

Direct Plan in Mutual Funds – What does it mean ?

SEBI few months back announced that all the AMC’s should come out with two options for each and every mutual funds scheme they have, One will be normal one (which you have been looking till date) , And Then the other option will be DIRECT PLAN, which will have a lower expense ratio compared to the Normal Option . This is because when you invest in mutual funds direct plan, there is no intermediary involved in between and a lot of costs which are associated goes away . That’s the reason direct plan will have less expense ration. So If I have to explain in one line. Direct option of mutual funds will have no agent in between , you will be directly investing with AMC . However with the NORMAL Option, you will be investing through an agent which can be any individual or a online broker.

A mutual fund scheme will have to affix “-DIRECT” word in their scheme name. So for example now there following options for investments if you want to invest in HDFC Top 200 mutual funds.

  • HDFC top 200 Growth Option
  • HDFC Top 200 Growth Option – DIRECT
  • HDFC top 200 Dividend Option
  • HDFC Top 200 Dividend Option – DIRECT

Its a big worry for those agents who are not adding any value through their advice and have HNI/big clients.

And guess what already Direct Plans are HIT among investors and a lot of investors and big corporate investors (who invest in DEBT mutual funds) have seems to have shifted to mutual funds direct plans. This is proved by the fact that in the first month of Jan – 2013 alone, 56% of the total incremental flow of 60,732 crores in mutual funds was through direct option, which is around Rs 33,830 crore, which means that out of total Rs 100 , which was invested in mutual funds, Rs 56 came in through Direct Plan and only Rs 44 came in through Standard plan, but the majority of that would be in Debt fund, but anyways – the point if that Direct Plans are already popular and investors have started taking the advantage.

Is Direct Option Superior in Terms of Returns ?

Now lets look at the returns from Direct Plans vs Standard Plans and lets see some aspects related to it.

Expense Ratio of Direct Plans vs Standard Plans

Expense ratio of a mutual fund has a deep impact on the final returns over long term. A small decrease in expense ratio can increase your long term returns by a very good margin, provided every thing else is same. Direct option of mutual funds are going to have a good enough difference when it comes to expense ratio. If you talk about equity funds, the direct plans will have anywhere from 0.40% to 0.75% less expense ratio compared to a standard plan . For example – If I have talk about HDFC Top 200 mutual fund , the standard plan has an expense ratio of 1.78% per year . Where as the Direct Plan expense ratio is only 1.19% , which is a 0.59% difference and whopping 33.15% less than standard plan , Means that you will save 33% costs when you migrate to Direct Plan of HDFC Top 200 as an example . Note that all the numbers I just quoted are as of 28th Mar 2013, and change in future. I checked few equity funds from HDFC Mutual funds and DSP Black Rock and found that that the ‘Direct’ option have lesser Expense ratio compared to their Standard Plans . Here is a snapshot for 5 funds.

 

Difference between Expense Ratio

expense ratio difference between standard and direct mutual fund

Difference in NAV ?

The Direct Plans took effect from Jan 1,2013 . Means that on Jan 1,2013 the NAV must be same for Direct and Standard Plan and from there, the NAV must be different for both plans. And As Direct Plan expense ratio is going to be lower, the NAV for direct plan should also be lower and the gap should widen too. To just make sure that its happening in reality. I picked up the same HDFC Top 200 and listed down the NAV for both standard as well as Direct Plan from Jan 1,2013 to Mar 26th 2013 and checked out the difference between them and I was correct . The NAV gap was growing and Nav in direct option was 0.13% higher than the standard plan NAV , thats just 3 months of difference and if you extrapolate in future, the difference might be as good as 0.5%-1.00% difference in a year. Thats a big enough amount, 0.5% on Rs 10 lacs portfolio means Rs 5,000 . Isn’t that a good ! . And if you look into very long term in your financial life , the difference will be very high, which we will see now

NAV difference between Direct Plan in mutual funds vs Standard plans

Impact on Wealth ?

Considering the same example of HDFC Top 200 and their expenses ratio of 1.72% (standard plan) and 1.29% (Direct Plan) , What happens to your wealth after 10,20,30 yrs if you consider these two options ? Will the corpus you will accumulate at the end will be huge ? Even if we assume a conservative returns of 10% on equity in long term, the difference in corpus at the end is huge because of sizable difference in the expense ratio. Below I have provided the corpus of two options and the difference between them over 10 yrs, 20 yrs and 30 yrs.

Direct Plan Mutual Funds Corpus Impact

Note that these numbers and difference might look big to you, but you will not realize the difference to be very big in a short term like few months of every 2-3 yrs. Also you might argue that one might not invest for such a long term, but we are only highlighting the impact of such costs and its impact in long run.

So, Now I hope you must be clear about the Impact of mutual funds direct plan on your wealth.

Who should invest in Direct Options

Now coming to the important question – Who should Invest in Direct option of mutual funds ? A lot of people might feel that direct plan is for each and every investor , but thats not right way of looking at it . Only those investors should go with the direct plan of mutual funds who are

  • Capable of choosing right mutual funds for themselves
  • Who are ready to review their portfolios all by themselves without anyone help
  • Those who can point to bad performing mutual funds and remove from their portfolio
  • Who are ready to invest with each AMC seperately

I guess a lot of people will fall into this category and would be ready to go the direct route for the kind of benefit they get out of it. However lets see who should not choose Direct Plan

Who should not Choose Direct Plan?

You must be wondering who should not invest in direct plan ? A lot of investors have very very good advisers , who have good capability to advice and record keeping abilities. The value of their timely advice is so much that it over weights the advantage of direct plan. So if you feel that you have an adviser who helps you pick good funds and helps you in removing bad funds over time and because of him you are able to get extra 2-3% returns on your portfolio, its worth paying commissions he deserves . Also It might happen that you are a busy person who wants a third party to handle your portfolio and inform you on time to time basis about your portfolio and whats going on where , you might want to consider not moving to direct plan.

So at the end , its about the question – “Is there any value in sticking with your adviser , platform or financial planner?” and if its adding enough value to your financial life , and do they deserve the commissions they get out of your portfolio with them. Its a question you need to ask yourself . Do not rush to convert your mutual funds into Direct plan .. Take some time to think over it and look at the long term effects of it.

How to invest in Direct Plan of mutual funds ?

The only thing you need to do is when you fill up the mutual funds investment form, there is an option called as “Direct Plan” there, all you need to do is put a tick mark there, If its ticked marked, then your investments will be into the DIRECT plan . Even if the agent/distributor puts his ARN code (the unique code which identifies a mutual fund agent) , he will not get any commissions from your investments. Also in some of the forms , that separate tick-mark option might not be available, in which case you have to mention the word “DIRECT” in the ARN column . Note that if you forget to mention that you want it to be under DIRECT plan and also the agent code is missing, by default the investment is going to be under mutual funds direct plan .

You can fill up this form directly with the AMC by going to their Office , or you can also use CAMS/Karvy for making investments , who are back-office partners for a lot of AMC’s . If you invest through CAMS/Karvy , still the investments will be into Direct plan, just make sure you do not leave the DIRECT unticked.

How to Change your Existing Mutual funds to Direct option?

Your existing investments in mutual funds will NOT switch to direct plans automatically, no matter you did it with an agent or directly with AMC (Read which AMC is better then other) . It will has the same expense ratio as of old funds.

To convert your existing holding from a standard to a direct plan, you need to submit a switch request. All you need to do is contact your AMC and ask for Switch reuest form . Which is a written request telling them that you want your existing mutual funds to be now converted into DIRECT plan . Once they get this request , they will process it , they will intimate you once its done . Your agent will not like you for this 🙂 .

Will my existing SIP’s be considered under Direct plan by Default? ?

All the SIP’s which were made through an agent/distributor will still be under the standard plan , you will have to manually request the switch to Direct Plan . But if you had any SIP which was done directly with AMC (without involving Agent Code) , in that case your SIP’s  done after Jan 1, 2013 will automatically be considered under DIRECT plan , but all the old SIP’s which were done before Jan 1,2013 will still be there under Standard Plan and the higher expense ratio will apply there.

Can you convert your existing Tax Saving Mutual Funds (ELSS) under Direct Plan ?

If your tax saving mutual funds are still in lock in period , then you CANNOT convert them right now, only when the lock in period is over, you will be able to convert them into Direct Plan.

Will there be Exit Load applied when I move to Direct plan ?

Yes and NO !

If your existing mutual funds investments is through an agent/distributor , then there will be exit load at the time of switching them into a Direct version of mutual funds, but if your existing investments are through AMC directly, then there will not be any Exit Load while switching to Direct plan.

Important Points

  • There is no DIRECT option in ETF’s and closed ended mutual funds
  • There will be no difference between the portfolio’s of Direct Plan and Standard Plan . Every thing will be same except that the Direct plan will have a lower expense ration. Thats all !

Finally Are you going to invest into the Direct Plan of Mutual funds or going to continue with your old investments through an agent or distributor ? Please share your thoughts and inputs about it. What do you think about the Direct Plan of Mutual funds ?

Why you should stop looking at ‘Past Performance’ in Mutual Funds

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

One day, a calf needed to cross a forest in order to return to its pasture. No one before this had ever ventured in to the forest. Without any rational, it forged out a long and difficult path full of bends, uneven ground and steep climbs. The next day, a dog took the same path following the calf’s footprints and a flock of sheep followed. As the path started taking some sort of visible shape, men started using the same and gradually, it became a well defined, accepted and the only way to cross the forest.

After many years, the trail became the main road to the village. Everyone complained about the traffic, cursed the long distance and treacherous turns, up and down hills but never thought of a better alternative. The old and wise forest smiled at how men tend to easily accept the way already open, without ever questioning whether it’s really the best choice.

In the same way, if you look at, the mutual funds’ investors. They seem trapped in a similar kind of concept called as – The Past Performance.

past performance not correct way of predection

Past Performance as selection Criteria

Since quite some time, Past Performance has become a major criterion if not the Holy Grail of the mutual fund selection system. In fact, one of the leading business magazines in association with one of the leading rating agencies went ahead and mentioned “We take into account a much longer period for mutual fund evaluation as that can serve as a serious guide to future performance”… (Their long term means 3 years in this particular case and they used return and risk adjusted  numbers for analysis)

Further, rather than challenging the concept, there has been a continuous debate if investors should look at 1-3 year performance or a longer period like 5 years to make mutual fund selections. The treacherous path to the village is already created.

Proponents of the long-history case argue that a long term analysis ensures that the performance is analyzed over various market cycles and if the fund has done well across the long term horizon, it stands a good chance to do so in future.

Sounds logical. Is it really?

I wanted to examine if it really works. For me and for others like me who would like to know the truth and may be many more whose investments have been in red, thanks to these ratings. I gathered historical data of equity mutual fund schemes and worked out the numbers. (3rd chapter of my first book also has same kind of data)

The results were startling !

The core of the finding is “Past performance hardly relates to future returns”… and here we are, pumping our hard earned money into mutual funds, depending  on these ratings that rely heavily on the past returns generated.

Analysis Details

  • The top 5 schemes by their 1yr, 2 yr, 3yr, 4 yr and 5 yr returns were selected. Thus 5 portfolios consisting of Top 5 schemes were created.
  • The performance of these 5 portfolios was observed over the next 1 year (e.g. say for Dec-09 analysis, the return for 2010 was observed).
  • Steps 1 & 2 were repeated every quarter for the past 3 years. The objective was to establish if the relationship with past performance that exists consistently over the period of time.

Findings & Explanation

Equity mutual funds past performance

How to read this Chart ?

The graph shows 5 bars, each bar represents the average next 1 year return generated by the portfolio created on the basis of historical returns. The left most bar shows how much average return was generated by portfolio created on the basis of scheme’s past 1 year return; the second bar is the return of the portfolio created by past 2 year return and so on.

So say the analysis is done on Dec-09, the past 1 year refer to 2009 and the returns are calculated for 2010.The above graph shows aggregate returns of the analysis done every quarter.

The graph ‘suggests’ that the ranking by past 2 years is of greatest significance while the ranking by 5 years is least significant. Please note that this is just an observation and not a conclusion. Statistics is a sensitive subject and any data tortured, throws some outputs. It’s important to delve deeper and see if the outputs can be supported with reason and logic.

To validate if the inference really holds true and if it can be used for decision making, I dissected the data of all equity schemes into two parts: The Large Cap Schemes and The Mid/Small Cap schemes. The result of analysis conducted over Large and Midcap funds is presented in the charts below.

Large Cap mutual funds past performance

Mid Cap mutual funds past performance

Take that. While the large cap funds ‘seem-to-be’ driven by their past 4 year returns, the mid caps ‘seem-to-be’ to be driven by their past 2 year returns. I have consciously quoted the word ‘seem-to-be’ as I can’t find a suitable reason to defend even these findings. There aren’t actually. For anything to be considered as a general rule, it should be consistently true. I couldn’t find that when I looked at individual analysis done quarter on quarter.

If I look at each analysis done across quarters, the 2 year return is not the significant driver of future returns always. A considerable number of times the other ones (1, 3, 4, 5 yr returns) gain importance. Just like “past performance” parameter, there are many other mistakes which an investor does in his financial life, and we have decided to talk on some other aspects like those in our upcoming workshop in Mumbai on 10th March. Incase you are in Mumbai, dont miss that event.

Dont use Past Performance to Predict Future

It is quite evident that the past returns cannot be a torch bearer for investment decisions. Following the past returns as a guide or using ratings that rely heavily on past returns is like shooting at a dart board in dark. For any doubts that remain, consider this

Reliance Equity Fund was the top performer in the Large Cap category in 2012, with a return of 41%. Did you know it was the worst performer amongst Large Cap funds by historical return? i.e. if you were in Dec-11 and would have picked up this fund’s historical analysis, it was the worst performer by 1y, 2y, 3y, 4y and 5y return.

Another best performer, SBI Bluechip Fund (2012 return: 38%), never beat more than 33% of its peers ranked by past 1y, 2y, 3y, 4y and 5y return as of Dec-11. Not surprisingly, a leading mutual fund star rating agencies top picks of 2011, underperformed the index in 2012. The agency boasts of using a good mix of longer period historical return and risk adjusted performance.

In my next blog, I shall discuss what can be the reasons of looking at past performance, where did the whole thought possibly evolve and where do  things  go wrong. The views expressed above are personal and for a change, I own them. All arguments and points welcome. I really value justified facts and accept only my wife’s opinions…!!!

PS: While I finished writing this, there is a news regarding S&P being sued for damages worth USD 5 Billion for misrepresenting the credit worthiness/rating of an issuer due to conflict of interest. (https://on.mktw.net/YRehB0)

Does it sound any bells?

About the Author

Sharad Singh, a serial-entrepreneur, has spent more than 14 years in the analytics domain and has done extensive big data work in finance. He runs Valuefy, an investment portfolio analytics firm that provides portfolio management solutions to BFSI clients. Valuefy has recently launched www.theFundoo.com, a niche portal that aims to make investment decisions easy and effective for individual investors. Sharad is an engineering graduate with PGDM from IIM, Ahmedabad.

Do you use past performance as one of the criteria when you select mutual funds ?