Tag: Banking

Bank Locker Closed by bank & Struggle of claiming the locker contents back – A real Life Experience !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

A lot of investors hold a locker facility in their bank, where they keep their valuables, jewelry and important documents. You must also be having at least 1 locker and must be rest assured that your locker will be safe and will not be touched, or looked upon by anyone else. However things can go wrong!

You might be operating your bank locker once in a while or many times in a year and in that case, everything will go well. However many people do not operate their bank lockers frequently and at times their lockers are closed for years and years. And they also forget to pay the fees for lockers, because you never realise that the time has elapsed and its time to renew the bank locker. Thats a big risk !

bank locker closed down

I will share with you some rules on how a bank can close down the inoperative bank locker when fees is not paid and even if the rent is paid to them and and we will also see a real life experience of one of the readers where his bank locker was closed down and handed over to someone else just because it was inactive for many years and then he struggled a lot to claim back his locker contents. (Read more on bank lockers safety, FD requirement, and more in this article)

Can Bank close your Bank Locker due to inactivity, even if rent is paid ?

Seems like the answer is YES.

Bank Lockes are divided into various risk categories by banks after they complete your KYC. Banks can assign you lockers which are either into “low risk” , “medium risk” or “high risk” category depending on what job/business you do, what is your age, what is your past relationship with bank, where do you live! and several other factors.

You then have to pay 3 yrs locker rental + breaking charges as security deposit at the time of getting the locker (No, FD for a big amount is not mandatory).

Now if you are into higher risk category, as per the RBI guidelines, if a bank locker is not operated for more than 1 yr, the bank can close your bank locker and take it custody back and give it to some other customer. Read the important part of the circular below 

(ii) Where the lockers have remained unoperated for more than three years for medium risk category or one year for a higher risk category, banks should immediately contact the locker-hirer and advise him to either operate the locker or surrender it. This exercise should be carried out even if the locker hirer is paying the rent regularly. Further, banks should ask the locker hirer to give in writing, the reasons why he / she did not operate the locker.

In case the locker-hirer has some genuine reasons as in the case of NRIs or persons who are out of town due to a transferable job etc., banks may allow the locker hirer to continue with the locker. In case the locker-hirer does not respond nor operate the locker, banks should consider opening the lockers after giving due notice to him. In this context, banks should incorporate a clause in the locker agreement that in case the locker remains unoperated for more than one year, the bank would have the right to cancel the allotment of the locker and open the locker, even if the rent is paid regularly.

How will it work if you do not operate your bank locker for a long time?

Step 1: If your bank locker is inactive for a very long time, and if bank wants to close it down, then first, bank will try to contact you and ask for the reason why you have not operated your bank locker for such a long time. Which tells you that you should make sure your phone number, email id and contact address is updated in bank records. If you have been moving from one house to another, you might miss the bank communication if your address is not updated.

Step 2 : You can either start operating the locker, or just miss out on communication part and then bank will close your locker and keep its valuables/belongings with them properly sealed in a bundle (dont worry, nothing will happen to it). Bank will also try to contact you again that your locker has been closed and the belongings are with them.

Step 3 : Once you realise in future that your bank locker has been seized ! , at that time, you can contact the bank, if needed file a RTI to bank asking for all the reasons and details and then take bank your valuables.

How Eshwar Claimed bank his Inoperative Bank Locker contents back from Bank

One of our reader Eshwar Molugu was shocked to find out that his bank locker was closed down and had been assigned to some other customer because of non-payment of fees and inactivity. This all happened because Eshwar visited after many years to operate his bank locker. This is when the whole problem started, he was not getting all the information properly and once he came to know that his locker belongings are there with bank, He really had a tough time to claim bank his locker contents. Here is his real story shared in his own words

My father have a locker in Canara Bank and it had been maintained from more than 10 years. We had paid the locker fee till 2009 and have all the bills related to it. After that we didn’t touch the locker till now Dec 30 2013. We didnt paid the locker fee from 2010.  But surprisingly when we went to bank today(6th Jan 2014)to enquire about the locker , Bank people said that the locker was given to some other person from 2010 onwards. And we didn’t get any notice asking us to pay the fee of locker.

My question is

  • How can they give our locker to others without prior information to us ?
  • If at all they want to give to others they should have asked/send some notice to pay the fee right ?
  • Ok… assume they have given the locker to others but what about the things inside it. Will they take all the properties inside it? Is that correct?

When I read this on comments section, I replied Eshwar telling him that incase he has not got any communication from bank on closure of his bank locker, then its service deficiency part from bank and to get any kind of information and to speed up the process, he should clearly tell the bank that he will reach to banking ombudsman and even file a RTI to find out all the information if there is no cooperation from bank side, Eswar then went bank and did all those things and then things started moving ..

Here is what Eshwar updated some days later.

When i had raised my voice with respective words like Banking Ombudsman and RTI, the boll got rolling. They took almost a week after i spoke with them and got me with information

1) The locker is safely archived in a bundle.
2) We paid the locker breaking charges and annual fee with respect to banking rules to retrieve the items back.

Now, As i had read about the RBI Instructions regarding the breaking of lock, Here are the points i found

1) After due notice to Locker hirer clearly confirming in the notice that , they are going to break open the locker in case of no response from the locker hirer with in specified time as mentioned in notice.

2) Generally the Lockers will be break opened on presentation of two witness officers of the bank and the valuables in the lockers will be packed in a sealed cover and stapled and will be stored separably .

3) Once after arrival of locker hirer/owner of valuables its duty of the bank to hand over the valuables to owner after under going all due diligence.

So with respective to the above guidelines proposed by RBI, I questioned Bank Manager, Genearl Manager and AGM, asking them to produce me the list of items they noted down while breaking the locker. And they came with an answers like “May be the item list would be inside the packaged bundle.”

So my question is

1) “If the item list is inside the packaged bundle then i don’t have any problem, But if the bundle have no item list inside it how should i handle the situation ?”

2) I was thinking the item list is mandatory when the locker is broken. Does my thinking makes sense or does the bank doesn’t write one(item list) as such.

Currently, they are ready to give the package bundle anytime but i am waiting for your reply on the item list
Can you please respond and suggest me ASAP as i am waiting for your reply to relieve my locker.

And some days Later !

We got our bundle with all the items in it and also there was a list explaining about every item. We were completely satisfied after getting the bundle and didn’t fight further for not sending notice.

If i wouldn’t have posted my problem in jagoinvestor website I wouldn’t have known about Ombudsmen party at all. Thanks once again

What you can learn from this episode is that you should keep on operating your locker from time to time, Even if there is nothing to add/remove from your bank locker, you can casually just visit the bank locker and open and close it, just to check if everything is fine.

What learnings are you going to take from the above real life case ?

Review of iWish Recurring Deposit from ICICI Bank

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Around December last year, ICICI Bank launched a flexible Recurring Deposit scheme called “iWish”. Customers with an ICICI savings account and who have access to Internet banking can use the iWish facility. Here’s how

  • Login to the iWish section in your ICICI saving bank account
  • Define a goal (like buying a laptop, vacation, down-payment on a house, etc.)
  • Define the amount and tenure
  • Make the starting contribution and the iWish goal starts

After this point, you are free to deposit additional money in your iWish account anytime you have surplus funds. Also, you can clearly see how much of goal is completed in % terms at any stage of the process. Interest rates on the iWish scheme range between 7.75% and 8.5%. Rates depend on the tenure of your goal – which can be between 6 months and 10 yrs.

ICICI iWish scheme Interest rates and Penalty rates
Source Page
Where iWish really innovates, is by bringing a social networking aspect into the picture. Users have the ability to share their goals (and the money required to achieve them) on their Facebook account and friends and family can then contribute money to the goal if they wish. By getting users to make a public declaration of their goal, the scheme hopes to prompt greater accountability in individual financial decisions.

To learn more about ICICI iWish Scheme, please watch the video below.

How its different from normal Recurring Deposit ?

Compared to a standard Recurring Deposit, the iWish scheme does not make it compulsory for users to make payments on a fixed date and also gives them the power to categorize savings into goals – which is a more human way to visualize and save your money.

Personally, I see iWish as a mechanism to define goals and save for them through Recurring Deposits. While standard Recurring Deposits just help save money for an unlabeled goal, iWish helps you define and prioritize your goals – helping you decide which goal to save for first. It also helps build a focused saving approach as once someone defines a goal, they are more likely to be serious about achieving it.

The scheme is clearly going to benefit the young generation, who are new to investing. For a generation who rely a lot on visual stimuli, the ability to see defined goals and a visual image of progress towards that goal (e.g. 34% of your ‘new car’ goal has been achieved) is a huge plus.

Fine Prints and things to know

While, on the whole, the iWish Scheme is good, there are few things one should be aware of to avoid a mismatch with expectations.

  • One can create maximum of 10 goals (wishes) and the maximum goal amount can be Rs 10 lacs
  • The minimum installment amount per month has to be Rs 500
  • If you want to withdraw the money on maturity or even before maturity, you need to open a request online for that.
  • There is no compulsion of making payments each month, so you can skip the installments if you want

Disadvantage of iWish from ICICI

By now, you must be wondering what the downsides of the iWish scheme are? Simply put, it is the problem of “manual intervention”.

I am convinced that it takes a great degree of resolve and discipline to properly manage one’s personal finance and investments. Unless the saving process is automated, people are tempted to be a little relaxed about saving in every period. While iWish touts its ‘flexibility’ as an innovative feature, in real life it might not help, as people are more likely to stop ‘voluntarily’ paying into their goals after 2-3 contributions.

With a traditional recurring deposit, the process of investing is compulsory and forced on you and in essence, you are compelled to make payments on a fixed date. Furthermore, the knowledge that there is an auto-debit leads you to ensure the monies are there in the account on the designated date. All this means that over 1-2 years, the Recurring Deposit really works and creates the money pool you need. While iWish is a fancy product, I do not see it as an improvement over the traditional Recurring Deposit.

Only in selected conditions and situations, iWish seems to work better than normal Recurring Deposit. An example would be when the investor’s income is not stable (one does not know if the bank account will really have the required balance on a certain date). For all other cases, I would prefer using traditional Recurring Deposits. Choose a goal, fix the amount, divide it by number of months and just start the RD for that amount. That should get the job done without needing my involvement every month.

What’s your verdict about iWish Feature and its utility? Do you think it’s any better than traditional Recurring Deposits?

UPDATE : Just realised later and came to know that you can have funds debited from your account automatically just like traditional RD, but it was kind of hidden and I never realised it . So mainly iWish has both, traditional RD features and innovative flexible way to accumulate your money and hence is better than what I have projected above.

 

Entering ATM PIN is now compulsory when you use Debit Cards

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

RBI has made it mandatory to punch your PIN number, when you use your debit card on shopping outlets (Big bazaar, Petrol Pumps, Shops) from Dec 1 2013. I realised just few days back that this has already started. I was shopping for household things at a mall nearby and was asked to punch in my Debit card PIN after it was swiped. It was the first time I had to do that in last so may years of my using debit card for shopping. I covered the machine with my hands and entered my PIN and the transaction went through.

mandatory pin on debit card swipe

There are close to 350 million debit card in India right now and you can imagine the quantum of frauds which is possible with so many debit cards in India. Before this rule came into effect, if your debit card was lost – Someone could just take your debit card, go for the shopping and swipe your debit card and would never get caught because the shopkeepers never checked signatures, identity of person etc.

But now with this new rule in place, an additional check of entering PIN number is required and the chances of fraud is lowered to some level

But – there are some Problems due to this

Now from one angle, surely frauds will come down, but then at the same time, this new rule exposes you to some new risks and potential frauds. Like – If you punch your PIN without much thought and others surrounding you are looking at the machine, others can look at the 4 digit PIN number you punched and memorize it.

Forget strangers, but imagine you are with some friend/relative and you punch your PIN, he/she looks at it, memories it and now he can use it later for some online transaction (he still has to find out your Card number and Expiry date, which is clearly mentioned on your card).

Also at some outlets dishonest shopkeepers have skimmers machine which record your data when you swipe the card and they can duplicate your card and use it later to withdraw cash from ATM or do transactions with duplicate cards.

An article from Firstpost also mentions that there is also a possibility of PIN being stored on the Machine after you have punched it.

The next question to ask is can the PIN be stored (knowingly/ unknowingly) on the card reader machine by the retailer? According to this report in the USA, instances have been known where many merchants have incorrectly stored PIN information they should be destroying after customers enter the secret code. While we agree this is a western world report, Indian fraudsters have always been inspired to copy those tricks in the domestic markets. What would stop our fraudsters? And even if your merchant would have stored the PIN inadvertently on his card machine, a hacker can easily access the retailer’s machine to get data about several card holders along with their PINs.

Implementation from Dec 1

The above rule was to be followed by all the terminals from Dec 1, 2013. Anyone not complying is just not following RBI guidelines and breaking the law.

While all the places I have seen has started implementing it, still at some places its not being not followed. Here is one instance which comes from the same first post article comments section, where someone is sharing his experience.

yesterday on 4 Dec, I went to another restaurant and wanted to pay via debit card. While, the merchant was punching into machine, I was waiting for him to hand over the machine. But this is not what happened, I was not asked for the PIN for this restaurant even after the new RBI rule is in effect.

This clearly violates the fact that the new RBI rule is not completely applied for all merchants/banks.

What do you think about this new change ? Are you happy with it, or have some reasons against this change ?

Recurring Deposits – How to get maximum benefit from them in your financial life !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Today I will talk about the simplest financial product known to me – the Recurring Deposit or RD as it is called. Most investors know about Recurring Deposits and have used them at some point of time. However, many investors are still confused regarding this straightforward product.

Also, I will share tips on extracting the maximum benefit out of Recurring Deposits and on using this product to lead a better financial life.

Recurring Deposits

Simple and Beautiful financial Product

Recurring Deposits are often rightfully called one of the simplest financial products in the world. You open a Recurring Deposit for a fixed amount and for a fixed tenure. Each month that fixed amount is invested and you earn interest (at a predefined rate) on the Recurring Deposit.

For example – You can open a Rs. 1,000 Recurring Deposit for 2 years @ 9% interest. Now for the next 24 months, Rs. 1,000 will be invested from your bank account and it will get accumulated in the Recurring Deposit and will accrue interest at the rate that was offered. This is exactly the same as putting Rs. 1,000 in a piggy bank on a certain date for the next 2 years, except that in Recurring Deposit you also get interest income (which is not an option with the piggy bank).

I have been unequivocal in stating that almost all new investors who enter the world of personal finance should start with Recurring Deposits. Typically, new investors do not fully understand the principles behind personal finance and so to protect their money from the they leave funds dormant in their savings account or use them up for some other purpose. Instead, by creating a Recurring Deposit, they will ensure their income is getting channeled into investments and more importantly that they earn interest on their money – eventually leading to good investing habits being formed. Gradually over the next 1-2 years, they can start investing in other instruments such as mutual funds, real estate or bonds.

Planning your Short Term Goals using Recurring Deposits

A Recurring Deposit is a safe investment, or in other words, it is a financial product with guaranteed returns. Stocks or mutual funds are not ideal investments for short tenures. There is no guaranteed return in equity-based productsand consistent returns can only be expected over a long horizon of 8-10 years.

Recurring deposits are therefore the ideal products to consider when planning short-term goals over a horizon of 1-3 yrs. These may include

  • A corpus for a downpayment of our new home
  • Education fees for your children (yearly fees paid in one shot)
  • Home Renovation expenses
  • Higher Education Expenses if you are in Job
  • Upcoming Marriage expenses due in 2-3 years (e.g. sister’s/brother’s marriage)
  • Setting aside funds for a vacation

Now if you look at most of these goals above, Recurring Deposits give returns similar to those of Fixed Deposits. Returns are at the moment in the range of 8-10% depending on the tenure chosen. As Recurring Deposits do not carry risk, they are the ideal investment solution for short-term goals (such as the ones above) where the investor is looking for guaranteed and liquid returns on savings.

Using Recurring Deposits for Ultra Short term goals in life

But the real reason why I love Recurring Deposits the most is this – Recurring Deposits are without doubt, the most powerful way to reach your ultra short-term goals in life. The parts below are excerpted from my 2nd book – “How to be your own financial planner in 10 steps“.

How many long-term financial goals do you have in life – A maximum of 3 or 4, right? Investors tend to overemphasize their focus on this handful of goals in life and spend most of their time working towards them. However most of these goals are so distant in the future, that planning for them is virtually impossible. On the other hand, we have dozens of small goals in life, which are due in next 6 or 8 months or a year at the most. We really aspire to achieve these goals, but ironically, never plan for them – because we think they can be achieved without planning.

Let me explain –

Imagine you want to buy Nokia ‘Lumia 720’ in the coming 6 months. This is very small goal. But most people think about it and leave it hoping to have sufficient money for the phone when the time comes. Now imagine 8 months go by. If at that time, the person has enough money in his account, the idea to buy the phone will again occur to him and he will make the purchase. And if the money is not there, the purchase idea yet again gets pushed out in to the future.

The same habit recurs in a case where you might wish to gift a small vacation to your parents on their birthday next year. Lets say you want to send your parents on a small vacation after a year, and it would cost Rs. 25,000. Now again no one “plans” for it. The matter of having sufficient funds when the time comes is left to chance.

Now here comes the power of Recurring Deposits where you convert each ‘small expenditure’ that is due in the next 6 months to 2 years (not more than this please) into a goal – and open a Recurring Deposit for it. You then let the money flow out of your bank account each month without manually getting involved, set reminders for each goal on the target date and keep achieving those goals!

Example of using Recurring Deposits in a Scenario

Imagine you have 3 small goals within next 1.5 years and those are

  • Buy Nokia Lumia 720 in next 10 months – Rs 20,000
  • Gift a Vacation to Parents in next 1 yr – Rs 25,000
  • Pay Installment of you Kid Pre-school in next 1 yr – Rs 25,000

Most people have goals similar to the ones listed above. To achieve these goals, you can open 3 Recurring Deposits (one for each of these), for the exact tenure (10 months, 1 year and 1.5 years). Consequently, just by having small investments each month, your planning for short-term goals will become quite robust. As the deposits mature, you will find that you have the financial means to achieve your goals without scrabbling to arrange money at the last moment or worse, having to drop your goals altogether.

Taking the above example, The RD’s would be like this

  • Buy Phone – Start 10 months RD for Rs 2,000
  • Gifting Vacation – Start 1 yr RD for Rs 2,000
  • Pre-school Fees – Start 1 yr RD for Rs 2,000
  • Total Money going in RD each month – Rs 6,000

What you have done above is to give concrete shape to your short- term goals by using Recurring Deposits and prevent your goals from turning into perennially postponed wishes or wishes that remain unfulfilled throughout your life.

Simplicity means Fast Action

Setting up a Recurring Deposit is so easy it’s almost effortless. You can log onto your Internet-banking page and open an online Recurring Deposit within seconds. You just have to pick the amount per month, the tenure and the date you want the money to be debited from your bank account – and your Recurring Deposit is all set. This simplicity in setting up also helps you take actions faster

Recurring Deposits Tenure’s and minimum Requirement

The minimum and maximum tenure and amount for recurring deposits varies from one bank to the other. In general, PSU banks such as SBI Bank, PNB or Andhra Bank have a minimum limit of Rs. 100 to open a recurring deposit. However, private banks such as ICICI, HDFC or Axis have minimum limits of Rs. 500 or Rs. 1000. The maximum tenure for Recurring Deposits is up to 10 yrs. Here is a snapshot just to give you an idea

Recurring deposits tenure and limits

Some other Features of Recurring Deposits

  • There is no TDS applicable on recurring deposits, but the interest income is fully taxable in your hands.
  • You can break your recurring deposits anytime before maturity with some penal interest. The interest applicable will be the rates applicable for the tenure RD was running and not the original tenure chosen.
  • Some Banks offer flexi recurring deposits also, where you can increase the amount of deposit each month (but cant decrease it)
  • The minimum tenure for RD is 6 months and maximum is 10 yrs
  • You can start recurring deposits for minimum of Rs 500 or Rs 1,000 . In post office its minimum Rs 10
  • Recurring deposits comes with Nomination Facility, so your nominee will be contacted and handed over the money if you die.
  • You can take loans against your recurring deposits for 80-90% of RD worth
  • Interest is compounded on quarterly basis in recurring deposits

Please share what you think about Recurring Deposits. Have you used them? Can you share one insight or hidden information about Recurring Deposits, which you feel may help others!

How banks make money when you swipe your card and by lending your money to others !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

During my school and college years, I often used to wonder– “How do Banks make money?”. I did not however put a lot of effort in understanding the subject and naively assumed that the government was running banks in order to provide services to its citizens and to shore up the country’s infrastructure. It was only over time, that I realized how wrong I was! .

Banking is a purely profit oriented business, Just like any other business – It has its own costs and income streams. In today’s article, I would like to give you some idea of the various ways a bank earns income and makes profits. We will also talk about expenses in the banking business and hopefully provide you with a holistic view of banking.

1. Earning money through Lending

This is the heart of banking business.

Lending to its customers is the biggest money-spinner for banks. The usual way this works is that banks accept deposits from their customers (through savings bank account, fixed/recurring deposits), providing the bank with a big pool of money. Now this pool of money is then used to lend to customers who need loans.Its very obvious that not all the money deposited will be withdrawn the next day itself. If a bank has Rs 100 as deposits, not more than Rs 10 is often needed to repay back to customers, which means Rs 90 can be lent to those who are ready to pay high interest and have repayment capability.

High Interest Charged, Low interest paid

Now, riskier the loan, higher the interest charges it carries, so that in the event of a loan going bad (called as NPA – Non Performing Asset), the huge interest charged more than makes up for the loss incurred by the bank. This also explains why home loans and education loans (which have security deposits – if you cant repay, the home is there to sell off and recover the loan) have comparatively low interest rates compared to loans that are totally unsecured (e.g. personal loans or credit card debt). That explains which why CIBIL report containing high number of unsecured loans do not get loans, because they give an impression that they are so much dependent on credit in their financial life.

Anyways, To put this concept in simple terms, banks make their money by paying interest to depositors at about 4% (saving bank account – the low interest rate is because you can take out the money anytime) or 8% p.a (in FD or RD, because of some kind of lock in there, and a kind of approval by you that you will leave that money for a long time with bank and not withdraw in short term), while they give out loans/credit and earn interest themselves about 12-13% p.a. – thus earning the 5% spread in between. When you further deduct from this, the significant overhead expenses banks have to pay (like rent for offices, salaries to employees and other costs), what you are left with is the profits of the bank.

how banks earn profits and money
This also answers a common question – how banks make money on credit cards?

In case of credit cards, a few bad customers who do not pay on time, pay huge interest charges (3.5% monthly or more than 40% years) and late payment fees, which are good enough to make up for the services given to a good customer who is paying on time and availing the benefits of the card. That should answer those who ask – “How can banks afford to give me a credit for 40 days?” – Its not the bank , but those bad customers who are helping you to get that free credit ! – they pay the BIG charges.

2. Earning money through Services and Products

The other way banks earn money is by providing lots of services in addition to their core banking products. For example, when you open an account, you do not pay for basic services such as banking, transactions on an ATM machine and getting a chequebook.

However, if you need more than these basic features, you will have to pay for them. Such “extra” things are

  • Extra cheque book in a quarter
  • Feature rich credit cards with yearly fees
  • More account statements other than the default you get
  • NEFT/ RTGS charges
  • Charges for SMS notification
  • Processing charges for giving loans

There are all some examples of these paid services.

Why banks keep distributing credit cards ?

I was also curious about the eagerness displayed by banks in providing consumers with credit cards – what made them do so and how were they benefiting from it. I came to the realization later that the greater the frequency of a customer’s credit card use, the more money banks make. This is because every time you swipe your card at a shop,the bank which owns the swipe machine pockets a cool transaction fee of up to 1-2% of the transaction amount. That explains why these days banks are tying up with e-commerce companies to provide “Swipe on Delivery” service to customers other than “Cash on Delivery”

So imagine if you swipe your card for Rs. 10,000 in a month.The shopkeeper has to pay 1-2% of the transaction amount to the credit card company which owns the swipe machine (Break your 4 big myths about credit cards here). So 1-2% of Rs 10,000 is Rs 100-200. Now imagine millions of people swiping their debit/credit card each month over the years, and you can clearly visualize how much money banks make (Of course these banking services have their attendant expenses including the cost of the swiping terminals, employee salaries, rental/ purchase charges for the bank premises and other general administrative costs). So it make sense for banks to keep giving credit cards and debit cards to anyone who has potential for spending and repaying it back 🙂 . So your SPENDING creates INCOME for bank 🙂 .

Here is a detailed note of how banks money when you swipe your debit or credit cards on terminals – Thanks Vivek for the explanation

Do you know why Banks market Credit cards aggressively and give to all and sundry. It is because its one of the highest revenue generating asset for the bank. The interest rates on Credit cards are as high as 3.4% per month (APR 41%), plus service tax of 12.36% on the interest portion, effectively taking it to 3.8% pm (APR 46%). But did you know, that credit card companies have another income stream. It is INTERCHANGE FEE.

For every Credit card transaction done by you, the bank gets fixed 1.1% of the transaction amount as Interchange fee (APR 132.2%). Who actually pays this fee.

The merchant installs a POS terminal called EDC Machine at his place. Customers charge bill to their credit cards on the merchants EDC machine. The merchant in turn submits the charges to his bank called “Acquiring Bank” who acquires the charges. The Acquiring banks pays the merchant the transaction amount, less commission called Merchant Service Fee or Discount rate which is in the range of 1.6 to 4%. Typically, it is 2%. The Acquiring bank presents these charges to the Issuer bank through clearing mechanism, and gets the transaction amount, less Interchange fee. All in all, Credit card is an important folio for banks. The Customer should use to card to his advantage.

It is not free money and if one misuses it, he will have to pay through his nose. I would suggest one to have a Credit limit of not more than Rs.35,000/- or at best Rs.50,000/-. The maximum cards should be restricted to 2. Remember, Credit card debt is a TOXIC Debt. One is better off using Debit card. Interest free Grace period should not be a criterion to have a credit card.

Were you aware about these points? Lets discuss more about this in comments section. Please share your views on this topic!

6 dumb mistakes which you make while writing Cheque’s – Dont do it !

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

One of the most common ways to pay money to someone is through cheque’s. Cheque’s give you the flexibility to make payments to someone at some later date (post dated cheque) by writing it now at this moment. Writing a cheque seems to be such a simple task, but do you know that there are many weak links in writing cheques which can create a big problem for you.

If you are not careful while writing a cheque, it can be misused by someone else and potential of monitory loss to you along with unwanted headache. Today’s generation is very causal when it comes to writing  the cheques. In this article, I will cover 6 must know points which you should always practice writing the cheque’s . You can see these 6 points as a step by step recipe to write cheques. Lets see them one by one

1. Do not leave spaces between words or numbers

Its a no-brainier. When you write numbers and words in the cheque, be it Name or amount, never leave a space or gaps between them, because that gives a chance to add some alphabet or number and change the whole cheque.

Imagine you issue a cheque to “ANKIT SHARMA” , but put sufficient space between “ANKIT” and “SHARMA” and it looks like “ANKIT    SHARMA” . One can add an additional “A” after “ANKIT” and the name can become “ANKITA SHARMA” . However if you just leave exact one small space between “ANKIT” and “SHARMA” , its going to be tough to add another alphabet in between.

Dont leave space or gap while writing cheque

2. Make sure you cross the cheque saying “A/C Payee” 

If you are going to pay to some person and want to force that the payment should go to the same person bank account, in that case, you should be putting a double cross line on the left-top corner of cheque and write “A/C Payee” or “Account Payee“, which ensures that the money will get credited only to a bank account and not be handed over to someone as CASH over the counter.

Add AC/Payee on top left corner while writing cheque

A lot of people forget to do this, and if the cheque is misplaced or lost, someone can pose himself as the target person and take the money from bank, I hope you know how easy it is to steal someone’s identity and misuse the documents.

3. Add a line after the name and amount till the end 

I recently learned this point, where you add a running line like —————————- after the name and the amount in the cheque, which ensures that one cant add anything after the name and amount and misuse it .

add running line after name amount in cheque

4. Cancel the word “Bearer”

If you look at your cheque closely, in the “Pay” section, there is space for the name and then on the right corner it ends with “Or Bearer” , which means that either the person whose name is written in the cheque or anyone else who is bearing the cheque can encash it , provided the “A/C Payee” is added to cheque as mentioned in 2nd point above. So you should always cancel the word “Bearer” from the cheque, unless you really want it. This ensures additional safety of the cheque.

5. Add a sign of “/-” after the amount”

Now this might sound so small, but this has lots of wisdom inside this simple trick . There is huge difference between Rs 37,000 and Rs 37,000/- . In first option of Rs 37,000 , you can add more numbers at the end and can make it Rs 37,00000 if there is enough space ahead of it, but in case of Rs 37,000/- , You cant do anything . Below is a simple example of how it can be misused.

Corrent way of writing amounts on cheque

6. Keep the details of Cheque’s issued, even if it sounds boring !

And finally, when you give a cheque to someone, write down the cheque number, account name, amount and the date when it was issued or dated, because you might need this information incase you want to cancel the cheque. A lot of times, it happens that you need to cancel the payment, but do not remember the details. Having recorded this information would be handy at times and will help you to act faster.

ICICI Bank also has a small tutorial on correct way of writing cheque’s, which I have added below, just have a look at it and you should understand most of the things.

Some more tips (From Readers Inputs in Comments section)

  • Rishi Bhatia says – “Generally, while giving a cheque, i also make a point to use a cello tape on the name and amount, so that no one can change these”
  • Jitendra says – “In the present era of mobile phones, when most of us have camera enabled cell phone, it is better idea to get a snapshot of Cheque before handing over. This way all your details will be maintained.”

Use these 6 things everytime you issue a cheque

Next time you write a cheque, just make sure you have done all these 6 things, and the chances of misuse of your cheque will be close to ZERO because each and every step add a security layer. Let me know if you have any tips on writing cheque  in correct manner or any real life experience on this issue.

 

Merchants can’t charge 2% extra on Debit Card Payments – Says RBI

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Have you ever faced this situation, when you were making payment through your debit card or credit card?

“Sir How are you making payment ?

Debit Card or Cash ?”

“Card”

“Sir, There will be 2% extra charges if you pay by Debit Card ? ”

“Why extra charges ? I use it at every place and no one charges any thing extra ? ”

“Sorry Sir, this is our Policy. You can take out the CASH from the nearby ATM if you want to save that extra charges”

“Huh ! .. &^#$^&*J#^&&#%$&*N”

You often face the above situation, when you buy things like jewelry, Laptops, Mobile phones etc. I faced this 2-3 times myself, but could argue well with the shopkeeper, because I knew this is just a tactic used by shopkeepers to save on the charges they need to pay from their own pocket. Hence I never paid that extra 2% or just left the shop.

Merchants Cant charge extra on debit card payments

Merchants cant charge any extra charges on Debit Card Payment – say RBI

Now yesterday, RBI has openly cracked down on this unfair trade practice and issued a notification saying that Shop Merchants can not charge any extra charges from customers, if payment is done through Debit Card. Below is the exact wordings from RBI Notification

4. Levying fees on debit card transactions by merchants – There are instances where merchant establishments levy fee as a percentage of the transaction value as charges on customers who are making payments for purchase of goods and services through debit cards. Such fee are not justifiable and are not permissible as per the bilateral agreement between the acquiring bank and the merchants and therefore calls for termination of the relationship of the bank with such establishments.

Why Shopkeepers Charge extra 2% on Debit Card payments ?

When you swipe your debit/credit card  for purchasing some item, the merchant has to pay some fees (1%-2%) to the Bank or the rental fees for the swipe machine. The charges goes out of their own pocket, as the cost of running the business and convenience of taking the payments (more customers will come, if card payment is there). If its a small payment like Rs 500 or Rs 1000, then its a charge of Rs 10 or Rs 20, which is fine. But when it becomes a payment of lets say Rs 30,000 (imagine buying laptop or iPad), then its around Rs 300-600 and to save that big charges, they discourage debit/credit card payment.

They often ask customers to pay by CASH and point them to nearby ATM. Almost always, customers could not refuse, because they have already made the buying decision, and dont want to argue for the small charge, and a lot of times, they finally believe that may be its not illegal, and finally give the CASH even if they do not want, or just allow the merchants to charge additional 2% charges.

But, as per RBI, its not a fair practice, because merchants already have agreed in the agreement with the card swiping machine bank that they will not charge anything extra from the customers. Here is one example of asking for 2% extra fees by some Geeta Ramani on rediff website

My worst experience was when I intended to purchase a Tata Sky card worth Rs 1000. The shopkeeper said 2.5% = 25 rupees extra. I told him — you give 10, I will give 15 rupees. He spoke quite roughly — hum kyon den? I told him it was because he was supposed to pay the bank, not I, and that I was doing him a favour and not the other way round. He said he did not earn anything from the transaction. Anyway, I did not give in. I didn’t purchase from him and purchased the same from Indiaplaza instead online without any transaction fee

What you should do, if Shopkeeper does not agree ?

RBI has clearly asked all the banks to break their relationship with those merchants who are practicing this. So, when any merchant asks you for extra 2% charges and even after the debate they do not agree, you can complain to the RBI about this and also complain to the bank. Each Bank has a “Merchant Services” section on their website and when you mail them or complain in personal to their branch, mention that you want to complain about Merchant Services. Example for ICICI bank is here and Axis Bank is here. But

When you take this step, at-least some merchants might fear the consequences and oblige!, but now the problem is how many people will go to this extra mile . It would require some time and effort from your end.

So next time you are asked to pay extra 2% on debit card payment, you can clearly tell them about this RBI notification. If required better take the print out of the notification and keep it with you in your wallet or as an image in your smartphone.

Have you ever faced a situation where you were asked to pay extra 2% charges on debit card payments and were pointed to a near by ATM, and what did you do in that situation, please share !

Rs 10,000 Income Tax Exemption on Saving Bank interest – Sec 80TTA

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

You can now save tax on an additional Rs 10,000 that you earn from savings bank interest. In the financial bill 2012, A new section called 80TTA was added to the Income Tax Act – 1961. This section allows an income tax deduction of up to Rs 10,000 to an individual or a HUF for interest earned on the savings bank account held with a Bank, Post Office or a Society.

Note that it’s not applicable on Fixed Deposits or Recurring Deposits. It’s only applicable to a normal savings bank account. The section is applicable with effect from April 01, 2013 and will apply from AY 2013-14 onwards.

Few Clarifications on 80TTA (Amendments)

  • If the interest earned out of saving bank account is more than Rs 10,000 . You will have to pay tax on the remaining amount over and above Rs 10,000
  • This tax deduction is over and above Rs 1 lac deduction under Sec 80C.
  • Rs 10,000 is the total deduction allowed by combining all the saving bank accounts interest. If you earn Rs 6,000 from each of 3 different accounts (Total Rs 18,000) , you will get deduction of Rs 10,000 and pay tax on remaining Rs 8,000.
  • The filing of income tax return would not be mandatory if your Gross Total Income is below the applicable basic exemption limit even though interest on saving accounts exceeds Rs. 10,000/ . (For example , if your saving bank interest is Rs 40,000 , but overall income is still Rs 1,60,000/year, you dont have to file income tax return)

Relief from tracking Small interest amount

The best thing I love about this tax deduction is that for tax purposes, investors will no longer have to worry about considering small amounts of interest that they earned on their savings bank account. It was a common occurrence to get a few hundred rupees as interest multiple times a year and it was a real pain to include them while computing taxable income. Almost all investors avoided including them, and thus were officially coming under the scanner as tax avoiders. With this tax deduction, they can now breathe a big sigh of relief.

Will fixed deposits give better returns ?

The answer is YES, in almost all cases, Fixed Deposits (despite being taxable) will give better returns than a normal savings bank account. However, there is a special case where Fixed Deposits are going to only marginally beat a normal savings bank account. It’s for those who come under the 30% tax slab and those whose saving bank interest rate is close to 6% (like Kotak or YES Bank).

I know this is a small percentage of investors, but if they invest some money in Fixed Deposits, the net returns are going to be very close to those of a normal savings bank account. Assuming they want to invest Rs 1 lakh or 1.5 lakhs for a year, returns on a 1 year Fixed Deposit after tax will be very close to interest earned on a savings bank account, because the latter will not be taxable. The table below explains this in more detail

saving bank fixed deposit sec 80TTA

Huge Balance in Saving bank Account ?

If you are earning 6% from your savings bank account, it takes Rs 1.66 lakhs to get Rs 10,000 interest in a year and if you are earning 4% interest, it will take 2.5 lakhs balance through the year to get the full exemption. However in our experience, we have seen a lot of our clients, as well as other investors, who keep a huge savings bank account balance – as high as 20-30 lakhs in some cases. In that case you will be earning a huge amount of interest on your savings bank account and it will all be taxable. So it is always a good practice to create a Fixed Deposit for the excess amount and only keep about 1-2 lakhs in your savings bank account.

Is your saving bank account interest more than Rs 10,000 in a year ?

How to use NEFT or RTGS facitlity even if you dont have Internet Banking

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

I have already written about NEFT and RTGS sometime back and how does it work exactly. However today, I want to share about using NEFT and RTGS transfer offline in bank branches. Even in today’s time, if some one has to send money from one account to another account, they use cheques and demand drafts. Even you can see a lot of people withdrawing cash and depositing it manually in other bank account. They are mostly people who had seen the banking era of 80’s and 90’s.

NEFT and RTGS transfer from Bank Branch

It might be your parents or uncles or anyone older !. And when you tell them they should have internet banking which has NEFT and RTGS facilities, they do not want to embrace it. But do you know that one can also use NEFT and RTGS facilities even offline by going physically to bank branches.

NEFT/RTGS are processes

NEFT and RTGS both of them are just a process/technology. Its just another fact that they are also provided as features in your internet banking account. If someone wants to transfer money from one account to another, one can always visit the branch in person and put a request to transfer money via NEFT or RTGS .

All you need is to fill up a NEFT/RTGS form (sample below) and all the details like Sender Account Details, Beneficiary Account details, amount to be transferred and IFSC code of the beneficiary branch. Then the Bank officer will punch these details on the system and the transfer will be initiated just like it happens online.

NEFT RTGS form

Incase you want to do a instant money transfer (not exactly instant, but can take 30 min to 1 hour) , you should be doing a RTGS transfer. One important point to remember here is that, if the amount is above Rs 2,00,000 , you would need to give a cheque leaf with the RTGS form, as part of the rules, but even if you don’t have cheque book with you at that moment – the bank generally arranges for a temporary cheque book in your name.

Recently I had to transfer some money from my wife account to my bank account and we asked for RTGS transfer, which was done promptly and the money was transferred in 10 min to my bank account.

The only pre-requisite for NEFT?RTGS transfer is that

  • Originating and destination bank branches should be part of the NEFT network
  • Beneficiary details such as beneficiary name, account number and account type, name and IFSC of the beneficiary bank branch should be available with the remitter

Charges for NEFT/RTGS at bank branch

RBI has not set any predefined charges, but banks are allowed to charge it as per their decision. Generally NEFT Transactions upto 1 lacs are not charges by many banks (like Central bank of India) , however some banks can charge for it. But for RTGS they generally charge anywhere from Rs 5 to Rs 50 depending on the amount. Higher the transfer amount, higher the charges.

So next time, if you meet someone who wants to transfer money by going to branch, tell them the option for NEFT and RTGS transfer via their bank branch.

Everything you should know about Breaking your Fixed Deposits before Maturity

Posted on by Jagoinvestor

Today let me share the procedure and some points regarding the premature breaking of your fixed deposits. We have seen, that due to the ease of creating fixed deposits online, more and more investors create them if they are not able to find the right purpose of their surplus money and then in case of emergencies, they have to break their fixed deposits prematurely.

are you thinking of breaking you fixed deposits before maturity? here is the procedure

Procedure for Breaking Fixed Deposit Before Maturity

Now the procedure for breaking the fixed deposit is fairly simple and much faster. However, the whole procedure can vary across PSU banks and Private banks. The procedure can also vary if you take into consideration online vs. offline

When you create a Fixed Deposit or Recurring Deposit, the bank sends you Deposit Certificate or receipt after some days of opening it (In case of many PSU banks, you need to collect it manually by going to branch). This is just a receipt or a proof of deposit. Now you can carry this deposit certificate to branch and ask the bank official to break your FD, they should be able to process your request.

However in case you do not have the deposit receipt or have lost it somewhere, you don’t have to worry much, in that case, you will have to give them a letter or fill up a premature FD breaking form available at the bank branch, read further to know about it. Read about Requirement of Fixed Deposit on Opening Lockers here

Online Procedure of Breaking Fixed/Recurring Deposits

A lot of banks allow you to open create fixed deposits online from your net banking account.  I have seen that most of the private banks allow you to break your fixed deposits online itself, all you need to do is go to “service request” section of your net banking and you will see a section where you can break the fixed deposit before maturity.

In ICICI, when you go to “service requests” section, on the right-hand side you can see “Fixed/Recurring Deposits related”, you can go to that section and choose “Premature Closure of Deposits” and then choose the FD/RD number and cancel it.

Your request will be processed in the next working day and you will get the money in your account. Check the screenshot below which shows you that.

Breaking Fixed Deposit before maturity Online

Offline Procedure of Breaking Fixed/Recurring Deposits  by visiting the Branch

A lot of PSU banks do not allow breaking your Fixed deposits or Recurring Deposits online. You will have to visit the branch itself and manually break it. Here is what you need to do

  • Step 1 – Write an Application mentioning you want to break your FD/RD, mention the Deposit Number and account number where it should get credited. At times, you have to fill the premature FD Breaking form available at the bank itself. In almost all the cases, the fixed deposit is broken instantly, the bank official must be able to do it with a click of the button.
  • Step 2 – Attach an ID proof (PAN etc). Private Banks have the Xerox machines inside the bank itself, so you just need to carry the original id proof and they will help you with the photocopy.

Below is a sample letter stating wish to break the fixed deposit or recurring deposit prematurely.
Breaking Fixed Deposit or Recurring Deposit Letter

Do I need to pay fine on Breaking Fixed Deposits before maturity?

When you break fixed deposits prematurely before maturity, you will not get the same interest rate offered originally. You will get the interest rate which is applicable for the tenure you actually ran the FD for. For example, suppose you opened the FD for 1 yr originally, and the interest rate offered was 9 %.

Now if you closed the FD in let’s say 3 months, and if the interest rate for 3 months FD was 7%, then you will get only 7% interest for the period of your fixed deposit. Also in several cases, there might be penalty charges which are nothing but another reduction in your interest rates.

Like the bank, rules can say that if your FD was opened for 1 yr, and if you break it before maturity, you will get 1% less interest than offered. Many a time, there is no penalty for short-term fixed deposits.

Best practices before you create Fixed Deposits!

  • If you already have few commitments in near future, avoid creating long-term Fixed deposits, create short-term FD’s
  • Instead of creating one large FD (example 5 lacs FD), better create 2-3 FD of small amounts like 2 lacs + 2 lacs + 1 lacs. This way if you need a partial amount (let’s say 3 lacs or 2 lacs or 1 lac), you will be able to break the FD’s partially. It won’t affect the full amount
  • You can take a loan against Fixed Deposit or overdraft against your FD.

Some Important points to know

  • There is various kind of fixed deposits products, at times there are fixed deposits which also allow you to withdraw the FD money instantly through Debit Card itself, like for example Kotak bank Flexi-Deposit.
  • Also, if your fixed deposit is under Sweep In Account, then you should be able to withdraw the money instantly without manually breaking it, read more about the sweep in accounts here.
  • For some banks fixed deposits (private banks mostly), the some FD’s get broken if you issue a NEFT/RTGS transfer to some bank account. Like if you have a 2 lac FD in Kotak Bank (Flexi deposit) and if you transfer Rs 2 lacs in another account through NEFT/RTGS/IMPS, then the transfer happens and the FD is broken.
  • In the case of companies with a current account, company seal will be required along with signatures of partners.
  • In worst cases, your Fixed deposit breakage might require some approval from the main branch, but it should not take more than 2-3 days in worst to worst cases.

Share your personal experience about breaking the Fixed Deposit in the comments section if any!